Lecture 11 Hydrographs
Lecture 11 Hydrographs
HYDROGRAPHS
LECTURE 11
2
HYDROGRAPHS
Crest Segment
e
urv
Hydrograph in period
Fa
c
t ra o r
ll
ti o n
i ng
b
no reservoir regulation
C o n ng l i m
Li m
exists reflects
ce n
water
Time base: Time from which the concentration curve begins (point of
rise) until the direct runoff ceases.
13
HYDROGRAPH AND TIME RELATIONS
A unit hydrograph is used for the prediction of flood peak and time to
peak in the stream at a particular section due to any amount of
effective precipitation
Application of an x-hour unit hydrograph to rainfall excess amounts
more than 1 unit is accomplished just by multiplying the excess amount
by the unit hydrograph ordinates
For example, a 3 hours rain event producing 2.0” effective precipitation
would have runoff rates 2 times of a 3-hours unit hydrograph. Similarly
a 3- hours storm having 0.5” net precipitation would produce runoff
rates half of the 3 hours unit hydrograph.
This assumption of proportional flows applies only to equal duration
storms
18
ASSUMPTIONS OF UNIT
HYDROGRAPH
Determine UHG ordinates if effective precipitation is 1.4 in for this storm. And each time
unit is 1.5 hours.
1.7 1.2
0.7 ” ”
”
Each time unit is 1.5 hours
22
CONVERSION OF UHG DURATION
The method of “lagging” is based on the assumption that linear response of the watershed is
not influenced by previous storms
one can superimpose hydrograph offset in time and flows are directly additive
if a hydrograph of 1 hour is given, hydrograph for 2 hours duration can be obtained by plotting
two 1 hour UHG with second UHG 1 hour lagged, adding ordinates and dividing by two
Lagging procedure is restricted to the multiples of the original duration according to the
expression
D1 : possible durations of UHG by lagging method
D : Original duration of UHG
n : 1,2,3,…. D1=nD
24
S-CURVE METHOD
Time Q (cfs)
(hours)
0 0
1 100
2 250
3 200
4 100
5 50
6 0