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MODEL ANALYSIS

BY ,
DR SUKRUTHA R ,
SENIOR LECTURER,
DEPARTMENT OF
ORTHODONTICS

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 Effective diagnosis

Effective treatment plan

Best treatment results 3

 Diagnose how?
Diagnostic aids
Essential Supplemental
Case history Specialized radiographs

Clinical examination Electromyography

HW radiographs
Study models
Endocrine tests
Radiographs BMR estimation
Facial photographs Diagnostic set up 4
Model Analysis

1.Permanent dentition
2.Mixed dentition

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 Find what ?

Tooth ratio

Arch length & tooth size relation

Arch width …and so on…

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 CAREY’S ANALYSIS

 Given by C.W. CAREY.

 Determines the discrepancy between the Tooth size
and arch length.
 Done in the lower arch.
 Done in both deciduous & permanent dentition.

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 CAREY’S ANALYSIS

All you need is . . .

0.012” brass wire for the arch
Dividers for the tooth
Lower cast

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 CAREY’S ANALYSIS

Measure the linear

dimension of the arch In
(LD) permanent
Measure the mesiodistal dentition .
width of the teeth ..
anterior to 1st molars
(TS)

Compare the values

55mm(LD) = 55mm(TS) Harmony ! 9
CAREY’S ANALYSIS

Crowding.

LD ?
TS ?

LD less than TS
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 CAREY’S ANALYSIS

Spacing.

LD ?
TS ?

LD more than TS 11
 CAREY’S ANALYSIS

What is inferred?

0-2.5 mm – no extraction
2.5-5mm – Ext. 2nd PM
>5mm – Ext. 1st PM

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 ASHLEY HOWE’S ANALYSIS

 Tooth crowding is due to deficiency in arch width rather

the length.
 A relationship exists between the width of 12 teeth
anterior to 2nd molars & the width of the dental arch in the
first premolar region.
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 ASHLEY HOWE’S ANALYSIS

 Determination of total tooth material (TTM)

 Determination of premolar diameter (PMD)
 Determination of premolar basal arch width
(PMBAW)

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 ASHLEY HOWE’S ANALYSIS

DETERMINATION OF TOTAL TOOTH

MATERIAL (TTM)

Mesiodistal width of all the tooth mesial to the

2nd pre molar is measured

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 ASHLEY HOWE’S ANALYSIS

DETERMINATION OF PRE MOLAR

DIAMETER(PMD)

Mesiodistal width of all the tooth mesial to the

2nd pre molar is measured

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 ASHLEY HOWE’S ANALYSIS

DETERMINATION OF PRE MOLAR

BASAL ARCH WIDTH (PMBAW)

 Measured between the two canine fossae

 Represents the width of the dental arch at the
apical base

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 ASHLEY HOWE’S ANALYSIS

INFERENCE:

 Premolar diameter
 Basal arch width
 TTM
Basal arch width should
be 44% of TTM
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 PMBAW % = PMBAW × 100
44% TTM

INFERENCE
PMBAW %
< 37% - EXTRACTION
> 44% - NON-EXTRACTION 19

37% - 44% - BORDERLINE

 INFERENCE

If PMBAW > PMD - Arch expansion possible

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If PMD > PMBAW - Arch expansion not possible

 PONT’S ANALYSIS

 Given by Pont . A in 1909.

 He suggested that a constant relationship exists
between the width of the four upper anterior
teeth & the width of the dental arch in the
premolar & molar areas.
 The index applies to maxillary arch.
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 PONT’S ANALYSIS

Determines . . .
 Whether the dental arch is narrow/ normal
 The need for lateral expansion
 Amount of expansion possible at the premolar & molar
region

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 PONT’S ANALYSIS

In the ideal dental arch the ratio of combined

incisor width to transverse arch width is .80 in the
premolar area and .64 in the molar area.

SI = 0.80x
Premolar width – x

SI = 0.64Y
Molar width – y
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 PONT’S ANALYSIS-PROCEDURE

Determination of Sum of incisors

(SI)
Determination of measured
premolar value (MPV)

Determination of measured
molar value (MMV)
Determination of calculated premolar
value (CPV)

Determination of calculated 24

molar value (CMV)

 PONT’S ANALYSIS

SI == 0.80x
SI 80 x
100 Inter Premolar width = x?

x = SI × 100 CPV
80 25
 PONT’S ANALYSIS

64 y
SI = 0.64y
Inter Molar width = y?
100

y = SI × 100 CMV
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 PONT’S ANALYSIS

Inference
Compare calculated and measured values of
premolar and molar

Premolar : 27

MPV < CPV – EXPANSION IS POSSIBLE

 PONT’S ANALYSIS

Inference

Molar :
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????????
MMV > CMV – EXPANSION NOT POSSIBLE
 LINDER HARTH ANALYSIS

CPV = SI × 100
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CMV = SI × 100
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 KORKHAU’S ANALYSIS

The anterior arch length is defined as

the perpendicular from the most
anterior labial surface of the central
incisors to the midpoint of the
connecting line of the first premolars.

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 KORKHAU’S ANALYSIS

The measurement reveals the anteroposterior

malpositioning of the anterior teeth

Anterior arch length in maxilla - LU

Anterior arch length in mandible - LL

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 KORKHAU’S ANALYSIS

There exists a relationship between SI and

anterior arch length

LU = SIU × 100
160
The LL is shorter than LU by 2 mm

LL = Standard value LU – 2mm 32

 BOLTON’S ANALYSIS

 Given by Wayne A. Bolton in 1958.

 Tooth size analysis ratio- overall & anterior.
 Size – mesiodistal width of the tooth.
 Functional and esthetic outcome.

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 BOLTON’S ANALYSIS

All you need is . . .

 3 inch needle pointed dividers
 Finely calibrated millimeter ruler
 Maxillary & mandibular casts of the patient

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 BOLTON’S ANALYSIS-OVERALL RATIO
Procedure . . .
Measure the mesiodistal widths of maxillary &
mandibular teeth except 2nd & 3rd molars

Determine the overall ratio

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 BOLTON’S ANALYSIS

Calculation . . .

 To find the overall ratio:

Sum of mandibular 12
× 100 = 91.3%
Sum of maxillary 12
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 BOLTON’S ANALYSIS

Example 1 : Patient “XYZ”

Overall ratio:

87mm
× 100 = 82.8%
105mm
<91.3% ???? 37
 BOLTON’S ANALYSIS

Example 1 : Patient “XYZ”

Overall ratio:

87mm
× 100 = 91.3%
95.3mm
?

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Actual : 105mm Excess : 9.7mm

 BOLTON’S ANALYSIS

To calculate the maxillary excess:

Mandibular 12 × 100
Maxillary 12 -
91.3

Sum of mand 12
× 100 = 91.3% 39

Sum of max 12
 BOLTON’S ANALYSIS

Example 2 : Patient “ABC”

Overall ratio:

S. Mandibular 12
× 100 = 95.8%
S. Maxillary 12
>91.3% ????
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Mandibular excess
 BOLTON’S ANALYSIS

To calculate the mandibular excess:

Maxillary 12 × 91.3
Mandibular 12 -
100

Sum of mand 12
× 100 = 91.3% 41

Sum of max 12
 BOLTON’S ANALYSIS-ANTERIOR RATIO
Procedure . . .
Measure the mesiodistal widths of maxillary &
mandibular anterior teeth

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Determine anterior ratio

 BOLTON’S ANALYSIS

Calculation . . .

To find the anterior ratio:

Sum of mandibular 6
× 100 = 77.2%
Sum of maxillary 6
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 BOLTON’S ANALYSIS

Patient “XYZ”

Sum of mandibular 6
× 100 = 73%
Sum of maxillary 6
<77.2% ????
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 BOLTON’S ANALYSIS

Maxillary excess???

Mandibular 6 × 100
Maxillary 6 -
77.2

Sum of mandibular 6
× 100 = 77.2% 45

Sum of maxillary 6
 BOLTON’S ANALYSIS

Example 2 : Patient “ABC”

To find the anterior ratio:

Sum of mandibular 6
× 100 = 82%
Sum of maxillary 6
>77.2% ???? 46
 BOLTON’S ANALYSIS

Mandibular excess???

Maxillary 6 × 77.2
Mandibular 6 -
100

Sum of mandibular 6
× 100 = 77.2% 47

Sum of maxillary 6
MODEL ANALYSIS IN MIXED DENTITION

Three factors to be noted:

 Size of all permanent teeth anterior to first permanent
molar .
 The arch perimeter.
 Expected changes in the arch perimeter that would
occur with growth.
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 MODEL ANALYSIS IN MIXED DENTITION

Mixed dentition analysis fall into two strategic categories

 Sizes of unerupted canine & PM are estimated with
radiographs.
 Sizes of unerupted canine & PM are derived from
knowledge of sizes of permanent teeth already erupted.

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 MOYER’S ANALYSIS

 The size of unerupted teeth is derived from the sizes of

teeth already erupted permanent teeth.
 Estimates the amount of spacing and crowding which
would exist for the patient if all the primary teeth were
replaced by their permanent successor.

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 MOYER’S ANALYSIS-PROCEDURE

 Measure the mesiodistal width of each four

mandibular incisors with a Boley guage

 Determine the amount of space needed for alignment of

incisors

 Mark on the tooth or the cast the precise point where the
distal surface of the lateral incisor will be when it has been 51

aligned.
 MOYER’S ANALYSIS-PROCEDURE

Compute the amount of space available after incisor alignment by measuring the
distance from the point marked in the cast to the mesial surface of the first
permanent molar
i d th
tu al w
Ac

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 MOYER’S ANALYSIS-PROCEDURE

Predict the size of the combined width of the mandibular cuspid and bicuspid.
Two methods

Long method-more precise Short method-less precise

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 MOYER’S ANALYSIS-PROCEDURE
Long method
S.of low incisor width
Probability chart

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 MOYER’S ANALYSIS-PROCEDURE

Long method
Subtract the measured space in the arch from the
estimated size of the cuspid and bicuspid
m
18m

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MOYER’S ANALYSIS-PROCEDURE

Example 1

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MOYER’S ANALYSIS-PROCEDURE

Example 2

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Long method

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 TANAKA JOHNSTON ANALYSIS

 Developed by Marvin M. Tanaka & Lysle

E.Johnston.
 Introduced a formula for predicting the size of
unerupted canine and premolars using the
known value of mandibular incisors.
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 TANAKA JOHNSTON ANALYSIS

Short method

Combined width of Width of lower incisors

mandibular cuspids = + 10.5mm
& bicuspids 2
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 TANAKA JOHNSTON ANALYSIS

Combined width of Width of lower incisors

maxillary cuspids =
+ 11mm
& bicuspids
2

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 RADIOGRAPHIC METHOD

 Uses intraoral radiographs to calculate the width of

unerupted teeth.
 But radiographs do not reveal the true size of the teeth
due to magnification.
 Hence a formula was put up to compensate for the
radiographic enlargement.
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RADIOGRAPHIC METHOD

X Y
=
X’ Y’

X’Y
X=
Y’
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