Phy 111

KINEMATICS; EQUATIONS OF
MOTION AND PROJECTILES
BY
DR. GODWIN CHIEMELA GEORGE
OBJECTIVES
• To understand Kinematic concept

• Solve problems involving Equations of motion

• Understand the concept of projectiles

• Solve Problems involving trajectories

• Kinematics is the study of the motion of objects without reference to the
forces that caused the motion. It is also the study of motion with respect
to space and time.
Equations of motion
• There are linear equations of motion
Horizontal Direction Motion under gravity
•
•
•
•
• where v = Final velocity (m/s), u = initial velocity (m/s), S = distance
covered in the horizontal direction (m), h = height = distance covered
in vertical direction (m), t = time spent during the motion (s).
 EXAMPLES
(1) A Body at rest was accelerated, and it traveled for 5
minutes. The constant acceleration provided to the body
was 2 m/s2. Find the final velocity the object had before
coming to a stop.
solution
• u = 0 m/s, a = 2 m/s2 , t = 5 min = 5 x 60 = 300s
• v = u + at = 0 + 2 x 300 = 0 + 600 = 600 m/s
• Hence, the final velocity is 600 m/s
(2) Find the final velocity of an object that traveled a distance of 500 m
with an initial speed of 2 m/s and acceleration of the object was 0.5m/s 2.
Solution
, u = 2 m/s, a = 0.5 m/s2 , s = 500 m, v = ?
v2 = (2)2 + 2 x 0.5 x 500 = 4 + 500 = 504
= 22.45 , Hence, the Final velocity is 22.45 m/s

(3) A ball is dropped from a certain height. It took the ball 15 seconds to
reach the ground. What is the height at which the ball was initially?

u = 0 m/s, t = 15 s, g = 10 m/s 2
[Take g=10m/s2]

h = 0 x 15 + 0.5 x 10 x 152 = 5 x 225 = 1125

The height is 1125 m
(3) The velocity acquired by an object
moving with uniform acceleration is 60
m/s in 3 seconds and 120 m/s in 6
seconds. Find the initial velocity.
(3) The velocity acquired by an object moving with uniform acceleration is
60 m/s in 3 seconds and 120 m/s in 6 seconds. Find the initial velocity.
Solution
Using the equation, v = u + at, we have;
60 = u + 3a .........(1) 120 = u + 6a ..........(2)
making u, subject of the formular in equ (1), we have u = 60 - 3a ...
(3),
subst. equ (3) into equ (2), we have
120 = 60 - 3a 120 = 60 + 3a 3a = 120 - 60
3a = 60, a = 20 m/s2 , subst, a into any of the equations, e.g equ (1)
60 = u + 3 (20) 60 = u + 60 u = 60 - 60 = 0
u = 0 m/s , Therefore, the initial velocity, u = 0 m/s
(4) A ball is thrown upwards with a velocity of 55 m/s. Find the velocity after
4s. Also find out the maximum height attained by the ball.
(5) A stone is thrown vertically up with a velocity of 10 m/s. Find (a) The
maximum height reached by the stone. (b) The time taken to reach the
maximum height. (c) The velocity with which it touches the ground. (d) The
time taken to reach the ground, g may be taken as 9.8 m/s 2
(6) A ball thrown vertically upwards from the top of a building of height 80
m returns to the earth after 10 s. What is the velocity of the projection? Also
g may be taken as 10 m/s2.
(7) An object moving with an initial velocity of 15 m/s, has a uniform
acceleration of 3 m/s2. Find the distance travelled by the object in the 10th
second of its motion.
(8) An object is dropped from a height of 80 metres. What will be the
distance travelled by it during the last second of its fall? Also, take g = 10
m/s2
• A projectile is any object thrown into space upon which the
only acting force is gravity. The primary force acting on a
projectile is gravity. This doesn’t necessarily mean that other
forces do not act on it, just that their effect is minimal compared
to gravity. The path followed by a projectile is known as a
trajectory. A baseball batted or thrown is an example of a
projectile.
• In a Projectile Motion, there are two simultaneous independent
rectilinear motions:
• Along the x-axis: uniform velocity, responsible for the
horizontal (forward) motion of the particle.
• Along the y-axis: uniform acceleration, responsible for the
vertical (downwards) motion of the particle.
 Projectiles equations
• where t is the time it takes for body to reach the
maximum height

• Where T is the total time of flight

• H is the maximum height (vertical distance) attained.

• R is the range (horizontal distance) covered.

(9) An object of mass 2000 g covers a maximum vertical distance
of 6 m when it is projected at an angle of 45° from the ground.
Calculate the velocity with which it was thrown. Take g = 10
m/s2 . Solution

, 20 x 6 = u2 x 0.5
, θ = 45⁰, H = 6 m, g = 10 m/s, u = ?,

the initial velocity is therefore , u = 15.49 m/s

(10) An object is launched at a velocity of 20 m/s in a direction making
an angle of 25° upward with the horizontal.
a) What is the maximum height reached by the object?
b) What is the total flight time (between launch and touching the ground)
of the object?
c) What is the horizontal range (maximum x above ground) of the object?
d) What is the magnitude of the velocity of the object just before it hits the
ground?
(11) A ball kicked from ground level at an initial velocity of 60 m/s and
an angle θ with ground reaches a horizontal distance of 200 meters.
a) What is the size of angle θ?
b) What is time of flight of the ball?
(12)A bullet shot hits the ground 4 km away, which was at an
angle of 30° with the plane. What should be the projection
angle to hit a target 6 km away? Neglect air resistance and
assume fixed muzzle speed

(13) A soccer ball is kicked with an initial speed of 25 m/s.

What is the maximum horizontal range it can achieve?
(Assume g = 9.8 m/s²)

(14) A stone is thrown from the top of a 30-meter-high cliff at

an angle of 60 degrees to the horizontal with an initial speed of
20 m/s. What is its total time of flight? (Assume g = 9.8 m/s²)
 (15)Question: A ball is kicked at an angle of 60
degrees to the horizontal with an initial speed of
25 m/s. What is its vertical velocity at its highest
point? (Assume g = 9.8 m/s²)
THANK YOU SO
MUCH FOR
LEARNING.