CCN LAB:02

A computer network can be categorized by their size.

A computer network is mainly of four types:
 PAN (Personal Area MAN (Metropolitan Area WAN (Wide Area
Feature LAN (Local Area Network)
Network) Network) Network)

A small network for

A network connecting A global network
personal devices like A network spanning a city,
Definition devices within a small area connecting MANs, LANs,
phones, laptops, and connecting multiple LANs.
like an office or building. and other WANs.
wearables.

Ethernet (wired), Wi-Fi Fiber optics, Ethernet,

Bluetooth, ZigBee, MPLS, Satellite, Fiber
Technology Used (wireless), Token Ring, Microwave, DSL,
Infrared, NFC, USB, Wi-Fi. optics, Undersea cables.
Fiber optics. Broadband.

Up to 100 meters (~330 Typically, 5 to 50

Up to 10 meters (~33 Unlimited, spans across
Range feet) or more, depending kilometers (~3 to 31
feet). countries and continents.
on the infrastructure. miles).

10 Mbps to 10 Gbps
1 Mbps to 24 Mbps 10 Mbps to 1 Gbps or 10 Mbps to 100 Gbps
Transmission Speed (depending on
(depends on technology). more. (modern undersea cables).
infrastructure).

The entire globe,

A room, home, or small A building, campus, or
Area Covered A city or large urban area. connecting cities,
personal workspace. small geographical area.
countries, and continents.
 Managed by multiple
Owned by a single
Usually owned by a single Often owned by ISPs or organizations, telecom
Ownership organization, such as a
individual. government entities. companies, or global
company or institution.
entities.

Moderate; managed by IT High; requires ISPs or Complex and costly;

Minimal; maintained by
Maintenance professionals in the telecom companies for involves international
the user.
organization. maintenance. maintenance teams.

Limited fault tolerance; Moderate to high fault Very high fault tolerance
High fault tolerance due
Fault Tolerance may need manual tolerance depending on with backups and
to redundant systems.
intervention for fixes. ISP infrastructure. redundancies.

Very high; includes

Moderate; depends on High; involves leased
Low; includes cost of satellite links, submarine
Cost equipment like routers, lines, fiber optics, and
Bluetooth, Wi-Fi devices. cables, and large-scale
switches, and cables. maintenance costs.
infrastructure.
 Very high; includes
Low; prone to threats like Medium to high; can use
High; secured by ISPs with encryption, VPNs, and
Security unauthorized Bluetooth firewalls, encryption, and
firewalls and encryption. international security
access. access controls.
protocols.
Personal device
City-wide networks, Internet, global business
connections (e.g., Office networks, home
Use Cases public Wi-Fi zones, or communication, online
wireless headphones, Wi-Fi, school labs.
municipal broadband. gaming.
fitness trackers).
Bluetooth headsets, Submarine cable systems,
PCs, printers, routers, City-wide ISP hubs,
Example Devices smartphones, satellite systems, WAN
access points. regional routers.
smartwatches. routers.
Extremely scalable,
Highly scalable within a Scalable within a city or
Scalability Limited to a few devices. supports millions of
small area. urban area.
nodes.
 High; involves ISP Very high; involves global
Simple; plug-and-play Moderate; requires IT
Setup Complexity coordination and city- coordination and high-
devices. expertise for setup.
wide infrastructure. level engineering.

Can vary; may experience

Moderate latency
Latency Very low latency. Low latency. higher latency due to long
(depends on ISP).
distances.

Low; prone to Very high; uses

High; ensures constant High; ISPs ensure reliable
Reliability interference from other redundancies to ensure
connectivity. service.
devices. reliability.

The internet,
Smart home devices, Office LAN, university City-wide Wi-Fi networks,
Examples multinational corporate
wearable gadgets. networks. metro Ethernet.
networks.
LAN(Local Area Network)
•Local Area Network is a group of computers connected to each other in
a small area such as building, office.
•LAN is used for connecting two or more personal computers through a
communication medium such as twisted pair, coaxial cable, etc.
•It is less costly as it is built with inexpensive hardware such as hubs,
network adapters, and ethernet cables.
•The data is transferred at an extremely faster rate in Local Area
Network.
MAN(Metropolitan Area Network)
•A metropolitan area network is a network that covers a larger
geographic area by interconnecting a different LAN to form a larger
network.
•Government agencies use MAN to connect to the citizens and private
industries.
•In MAN, various LANs are connected to each other through a telephone
exchange line.
•The most widely used protocols in MAN are RS-232, Frame Relay, ATM,
WAN(Wide Area Network)
•A Wide Area Network is a network that extends over a large geographical
area such as states or countries.
•A Wide Area Network is quite bigger network than the LAN.
•A Wide Area Network is not limited to a single location, but it spans over a
large geographical area through a telephone line, fibre optic cable or
satellite links.
•The internet is one of the biggest WAN in the world.
•A Wide Area Network is widely used in the field of Business, government,
and education.
•Mobile Broadband: A 4G network is widely used across a region

or country.

•Last mile: A telecom company is used to provide the internet

services to the customers in hundreds of cities by connecting their

home with fiber.

•Private network: A bank provides a private network that connects

the 44 offices. This network is made by using the telephone leased

PAN(Personal Area Network)

•Personal Area Network is a network arranged within an individual

person, typically within a range of 10 meters.
•Personal Area Network is used for connecting the computer devices of
personal use is known as Personal Area Network.
•Personal Area Network covers an area of 30 feet.
•Personal computer devices that are used to develop the personal area
network are the laptop, mobile phones, media player and play stations.
 PAN
• PAN (Personal Area Network)
• A personal area network (PAN) connects electronic
devices within a user's immediate area. The size of a
PAN ranges from a few centimeters to a few meters.
One of the most common real-world examples of a PAN
is the connection between a Bluetooth earpiece and a
smartphone.
1. Wireless PAN
2. Wired PAN
 PAN
• Wireless PAN
• Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) is connected
through signals such as infrared, ZigBee, Bluetooth and
ultrawideband, etc.
 PAN
Wired PAN –
Wired PAN is connected through cables/wires such as
Firewire
 PAN
• PAN (Personal Area Network) Design Network Wireless
 Step 01 Select Device

• Step 1: First, open the cisco packet tracer desktop and select the devices given
below:
S.NO Device Model-Name

1. PC PT-PC

2. Laptop PT-Laptop

2. Smartphone Smartphone-PT

2. Tablet Tablet-PT
 PAN
• Step 02 Click the PC
 PAN
• Step 03 Click turn off PC
 PAN
• Step 04 Remove Plages
 PAN
• Step 05 Put the VVMP300N Plage

Turn On the PC
 PAN
• Step 06 Click Config
 PAN
• Step 06 Click Config

Click
Bluetooth
 PAN
• Step 08 on Bluetooth
 PAN
• Step 09 Click the laptop / OFF the laptop /Remove plug
/ Put Plug
 PAN
• Step 10 on click config and on the laptop Bluetooth
 PAN
• Step 11 on click the Discover and Select the pair
 PAN
• Step 12 All Device click the Discover and Select the pair
LAN (Local Area Network)
Lan Topology
 LAN

Procedure:
Step 1: First, open the cisco packet tracer desktop and select the devices given below:

S.NO Device Model Name Qty.

1. PC PC 8

2. Switch 2960-24TT 5

3. Router 2911 1
 LAN

LAN:01 LAN:02
IPv4 Subnet Default S.No IPv4 Subnet Default
S.No. Device Device
Address Mask gateway . Address Mask gateway
255.255.255
1. PC0 13.12.11.1 .0 13.12.11.5
255.255.25
1. PC4 192.168.1.1
5.0
192.168.1.5

255.255.255
2. PC1 13.12.11.2 .0 13.12.11.5
255.255.25
2. PC5 192.168.1.2
5.0
192.168.1.5
255.255.255
3. PC2 13.12.11.3 .0 13.12.11.5

255.255.25
255.255.255
3. PC6 192.168.1.3
5.0
192.168.1.5
4. PC3 13.12.11.4 .0 13.12.11.5

255.255.25
4. PC7 192.168.1.4
5.0
192.168.1.5
 LAN
• Step 2: Configure the PCs (hosts) with IPv4 address,
Subnet Mask, and Default gateway according to the IP
addressing table above.
• To assign an IP address in PC0, click on PC0.
• Then, go to desktop and IP configuration and there you
will find IPv4 configuration.
• Fill IPv4 address, subnet mask, and default gateway to
the particular input box.
• Repeat the same procedure with PCs of LAN2 to
configure them.
LAN
 LAN
Step 3. Assigning IP address using the ipconfig
command.
•We can also assign an IP address with the help of a
command.
•Go to the command terminal of the PC0.
•Then, type ipconfig <IPv4 address><subnet
mask><default gateway>(if needed)
example: ipconfig 13.12.11.1 255.255.255.0
13.12.11.5
LAN
 LAN

Step 4: Configure router with IP address and subnet mask.

IP Addressing Table Router:

Device Interface IPv4 Address Subnet Mask

FastEtherner0/0 13.12.11.5 255.255.255.0

router0
FastEtherner0/1 192.168.1.5 255.255.255.0
LAN
 LAN

• Step 5: Verifying the network by pinging the IP address of

any PC. We will use the ping command to do so.
• First, click on PC0 then Go to the command prompt
• Then type ping <IP address of targeted node>
• As we can see in the below image we are getting replies
which means the connection is working properly.
LAN
 LAN

Simulation LAN
MAN