Conductors

• Some of the matters have lots of free

electrons to move. It is easy for
electrons to flow from these
materials. Metals are good
conductors. Gold, copper, human
bodies, acid, base and salt solutions
are examples of conductors.
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 Insulators
• These types of materials do not let
electrons flow. Bonds of the electrons
in the insulators are tighter than the
conductors thus, they cannot move
easily. Glass, ebonite, plastic, wood,
and air is some of the examples of
insulators.
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Coulomb’
s Law
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Coulomb’s Law
• Coulomb’s law also known as Coulomb’s
inverse-square law measures the amount
of force between stationary charged particles.
“The magnitude of the electric force between
two point charges is directly proportional to
the product of the charges and inversely
proportional to the square of the distance
between them.”

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 • Equal in
+ - magnitude but
opposite in
F F
direction

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Coulomb’s Law
• The law was discovered by French physicist
Charles-Augustin de Coulomb in 1785.
• Coulomb’s law is very significant in the
progress of electricity and magnetism since it
quantifies electrical charges.
• Hence, the unit for charge is in unit Coulomb
(C) in honor to the proponent of the law.

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Coulomb’s Law
• The Coulomb force is strong compared
with the gravitational force, another
fundamental force.
• Nevertheless, compared to gravitational
force it can cancel, since it can be
attractive or repulsive depending on the
charges.

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Coulomb’s Law
• When dealing with charged objects
or charges, we also talk of forces
between them.
• To find the force for charges we can
employ Coulomb’s Law is

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 r
q1 q2
• Equal in
+ - magnitude but
opposite in
F F
direction

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 • Equal in
+ + magnitude but
opposite in
F F
direction

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 + p>e

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 - e>p

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Coulomb’s Law

•Coulomb’s law calculates the

magnitude of the force F between
two point charges, q1 and q2
separated by a distance r.
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Coulomb’s Law
• If the charge on an object is doubled,
the electrical force also doubled
• If the charge of the two object or
particles doubled, the electrical force
is quadrupled
• If the distance of the two charges are
doubled, the electrical force are
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Ex# 1

• A point charge has a magnitude of 3 x 10 -7

C. A
second charge has a magnitude of – 1.5 x 10 -7
C
and is 0.11 meters away from the first charge.
Determine the electrostatic force that the charges
exert on each other.

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Ex#1

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Ex# 2

• Determine the magnitude of electric

force between a nucleus ( 6 protons
having a charge of 1.6 x 10 -19
C and its
internal electron having a charge of – 1.6
x 10 -19
C if the distance that separates
them is 1.0 x 10
26 -7
m.
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Ex# 3

•Determine the distance of two

electrons having a charge of
3.0 C if the force between
them is 19.2N.
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Ex# 4

• A negative charge of -4.0 x 10-3 C exerts an

attractive force of 12 N on a second charge that is
0.050 m away. Determine the magnitude of the
second charge.

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Ex# 5

• A +10uC point charge is 25cm away

from a -20uC point charge. Calculate
the magnitude of the electric force
between them.

Note: use SI units

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Ex# 6

• The electric force between two-point charges with

a magnitude of +800nC and +900nC is 15N. How
far apart are the two charges from each other in
centimeters?

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Ex# 7

•A force of 500N exists between

two identical point charges
separated by a distance of 40cm.
Calculate the magnitude of the
two point charges.
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Ex# 8

• A +100 μC charge is placed at the origin. A -50 μC

charge is placed at x = 2m and a +200 μC is placed at x
= -4m. (a)What is the net electric force acting on the
+100 μC charge? (b) What is the net electric force
acting on the +200 μC charge?

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 q1 q2 q3

+ 4m
+ 2m
-
+200 +100 -50
μC μC μC

q2 is repelled to q2 is attracted
q1 to q3
F2,1 F2,3

Fnet= F 2,1
48
+ F 2,3
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 q1 q2 q3

+ 4m
+ 2m
-
+200 +100 -50
μC μC μC
a) Fnet= F2,1 + F2,3

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 q1 q2 q3

+ 4m
+ 2m
-
+200 +100 -50
μC μC μC

q1 is repelled to q1 is attracted
q2 to q3
F1,2 F1,3

Fnet= F 1,2
50
+ F 1,3
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 q1 q2 q3

+ 4m
+ 2m
-
+200 +100 -50
μC μC μC
b) Fnet= F1,2 + F1,3

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Ex# 9

• Determine the magnitude and direction of the net

force on q1

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Ex# 10
• Consider three-point charges located at the corners of
the right triangle as shown in the figure below. where
q1: = 6.00 nC,q2=- 2.00 nC and q3= -5.00 nC, Find the
q2 - force4m
resultant on charge
+ qq3 3.

3m

q1 +
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 F1,3

4m
q2
- F2,3
+ q3

3m
√ ( 4 𝑚) 2
+( 3 𝑚) 2

q1 +
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Ex# 11
• A 6.0 uC charge is placed at the origin and a -4.0 uC
charge is placed 2.0m to the right. A third (-8.0 uC)
charge is placed on the y-axis 2.0m above the first
charge. What is the net force on the second charge.

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 Your Turn

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 Your Turn

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