4 5 6
0 Intro to 2
1 Conic 3
Sections
Grade 11 - Precalculus
7 8 9
Conic Sections
A conic section is the intersection of
a plane and a cone. Observe the
shape of the slice that results from the
intersection. The angle at which the
cone is sliced produces four different
tyoes of conic sections.
Circle
A circle is formed a conic section
which is formed when the plane is
horizontal as it intersects the cone.
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Ellipse
An ellipse is formed when the
(tilted) plane intersects only one
cone to form a bounded curve.
Note: Circle is considered a special
ellipse.
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Parabola
A parabola is formed when the
plane intersects only one cone to
form an unbounded curve.
Ex. The trajectory of a ball thrown
upward forms a parabola.
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Hyperbola
Hyperbola is formed when the plane (not
necessarily vertical) intersects both cones
to form two unbounded curves (each called
a branch of the hyperbola).
An hour glass that contains two hyperbolas,
one in each side, is a real-life
representation of a hyperbola.
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CIRCLE
A circle consists of all
points on the plane
equidistant from a fixed
point called the center.
The distance from center
to any point on the circle
is constant and is called
the radius of the circle.
The Standard Form of the Equation of a
Circle with center at (h,k)
Circle
Circle with center at (0,0)
EXAMPLES
1. Find the equation of a circle with center at the origin and a
radius of 5 radius.
2. Write the equation of a circle centered at (0, 3) and with
radius 6.
3. Write the equation of a circle centered at (2, -5) and with
radius 10.
4. Write the equation of a circle centered at (1, 5) and with
radius .
5. Find the center and the radius of the circle .
6. Find the center and the radius of the circle .
7. Find the center and the radius of the circle .
MORE EXAMPLES
1. Give the standard equation of the circle with center (-4, 3) and radius .
2. Give the standard equation of the circle with center (5, -6), tangent to
the y-axis.
3. Give the standard equation of the circle with a diameter with endpoints
A(-1, 4) and B(4, 2).
4. Give the standard equation of the circle with center at the origin and
radius .
5. Give the standard equation of the circle with center (-6, 7), tangent to
the x-axis.
6. Give the standard equation of the circle with a diameter with endpoints
A(-3, 2) and B(7, 4).
The General Form of the Equation of a Circle
EXAMPLES:
1. Write the general equation of a circle with a center (4, -1) and
a radius of 7 units.
2. Write the general equation of a circle with a center (-6, 7) and
a radius of 6 units.
3. Write in general form.
Transforming General to Standard Form
and Vice Versa
EXAMPLES:
1. What is the center and the radius of the circle ?
2. What is the center and the radius of the circle ?
3. Write in standard form.
4. Write in standard form.
5. Identify the center and radius of the circle with the given equation.
Sketch the graph.
•
•
SKETCHING THE GRAPH OF A CIRCLE
1.Sketch the graph of the equation .
2. A seismological station is located at (0, -4), 4km away from a straight
shoreline where the x-axis runs through. The epicenter of an earthquake
was determined to be 6km away from the station. Find the equation of
the curve that contains the possible location of the epicenter.
3. A ferris wheel is elevated 1m above the ground. When a car reaches
the highest point on the ferris wheel, its altitude from ground level is
31m. How far away from the center, horizontally, is the car when it is at
an altitude of 25m.
PARABOLA
A parabola is the set
of all points in a plane
that are equidistant from
a fixed line called the
directrix and a fixed
point not on the line
called focus (plural, foci).
PARABOLA
The midpoint between
the focus and the directrix
is called the vertex, and
the line passing through
the focus and the vertex
is called the axis of
symmetry of the
parabola.
PARABOLA
The latus rectum of a
parabola is a line segment
that passes through the
focus, parallel to its
directrix, and with its
endpoints on the
parabola. To get the latus
rectum, use the formula –
4a.
Standard Form of the Equation of a Parabola with Vertex at
Origin
Axis of
Equation Parabola Opens Focus Directrix Symmetry
Upward
Downward
To the left
To the right
Standard Form of the Equation of a
Parabola with Vertex at Origin
EXAMPLES:
1.
Standard Form of the Equation of a Parabola with V(h, k)
Parabola Axis of
Equation Focus Directrix
Opens Symmetry
Upward
Downward
To the left
To the right
Standard Form of the Equation of a
Parabola with V(h, k)
EXAMPLES: 1.
2.
4.
3.
5.
Transforming General to Standard Vertex
Form
EXAMPLES:
Problem Solving
1.Write an equation of the parabola with a vertical axis of
symmetry, vertex at the point , and passing through the point
.
2.Write an equation of the parabola with horizontal axis of
symmetry, vertex at the point , and passing through the point
3.Write an equation of the parabola with focus and directrix
Problem Solving
1.A satellite dish has a shape called a paraboloid, where each
cross-section is a parabola. Since radio signals (parallel to the
axis) will bounce off the surface of the dish to the focus, the
receiver should be placed at the focus. How far should the
receiver be from the vertex, if the dish is 12 ft across, and
4.5ft deep at the vertex?
2.The cable of a suspension bridge hangs in the shape of a
parabola. The towers supporting the cable are 400 ft apart
and 150 ft high. If the cable, at its lowest, is 30 ft above the
bridge at its midpoint, how high is the cable 50 ft away
(horizontally) from either tower?
Ellipse
A slant plane
intersects a cone
of a double-
napped cone.
Ellipse
An ellipse is a set
of points in a plane
whose sum of
distances from two
fixed points and is
constant.
Ellipse
An ellipse is a set
of points in a plane
whose sum of
distances from two
fixed points and is
constant.
Ellipse
In the given ellipse
on the right,
.
Ellipse
Each of the
two fixed
points and is
a focus of the
ellipse.
Ellipse
The line passing
through the foci
(plural of focus)
of an ellipse is
called the
principal axis.
Ellipse
The two points
on the ellipse
that lie on the
principal axis
are the
vertices.
Ellipse
The midpoint of
the two vertices
is the center of
the ellipse.
Ellipse
The line
segment joining
the vertices is
called the major
axis.
Ellipse
The line segment that
passes through the
center and is
perpendicular to the
major axis whose
endpoints are on the
ellipse is called the
minor axis.
Ellipse
The distance
from the center
to a focus is
called the focal
distance.
Ellipse
We use the following notations
for easier reference:
● is the distance from the center
to a vertex,
● is the distance from the center
to a co-vertex, and
● is the focal distance
Ellipse
By the definition of an ellipse and
the Pythagorean Theorem, we
can show that
Standard Form of the Equation of an Ellipse With Center at the
Origin
Center Major Axis Standard Form
Horizontal
origin
Vertical
Standard Form of the Equation of an
Ellipse With Center at the Origin
1. 8.
EXAMPLES:
3. 10.
2. 9.
Standard Form of the Equation of an Ellipse With Center at ( 𝒉, 𝒌)
Center Major Axis Standard Form
Horizontal
Vertical
Standard Form of the Equation of an
Ellipse With Center at (h, k)
1. 8.
EXAMPLES:
2. 9.
3. 10.
Transforming General to Standard
Equation Form
1. 10.
EXAMPLES:
Problem Solving
1.Find the standard equation of the ellipse whose foci are and ,
such that for any point on it, the sum of its distances from the
foci is 10.
2. Find the standard equation of the ellipse whose foci are
and , such that for any point on it, the sum of its distances
from the foci is 20.
3. The foci of an ellipse are (-3, -6) and (-3, 2). For any point on
the ellipse, the sum of its distances from the foci is 14. Find
the standard equation of the ellipse.
Problem Solving
4. An ellipse has vertices and , and its minor axis is 12 units
long. Find its standard equation and its foci.
5. An ellipse has vertices (-10, -4) and (6, -4), and covertices (-
2, -9) and (-2, 1). Find its standard equation and its foci.
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