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Comm Chapter 1 Introduction

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9 views

Comm Chapter 1 Introduction

Uploaded by

Anish Kath Baniya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 14

COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS

Definition: Sending, processing, and receiving of information bearing signal by


electrical means.

Types : Analog and Digital

Text books:
1. B. P. Lathi, “Modern Digital and Analog Communication Systems”.
2. Simon Haykin, “Analog and Digital Communication Systems”.
3. George Kennedy and Bernard Davis, “Electronics & Communication System”, TMH, 2004. 1
Example of Communication
Mobile communication
Satellite communication
V-sat communication
Micro-wave communication
Optical fibre communication
Internet communication
Radar communication

Major way of communication


Telephone
Television
Radio
Internet

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Block Diagram of Analog Communication System

Electrical signal  A bridge between tx Transmission signal  Electrical signal


Transmission signal Electrical signal Message
Message and rx

 Input
Transmitter Channel Receiver Output
Transducer Transduc
er
Noise

Figure: Block diagram of analog communication system

Shannon Hartley Channel capacity theorem:


Channel capacity is defined as the maximum rate at which information may be
transmitted without error through the channel.

𝒄 = 𝑩 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟐 (𝟏 + 𝑺𝑵𝑹)
A channel bandwidth defines as the range of frequencies that the channel can
handle for the transmission of signals with reasonable fidelity. 3
Guided Media: Unguided Media:
It is also referred to as Wired or Bounded It is also referred to as Wireless or
transmission media. Signals being Unbounded transmission media. No physical
transmitted are directed and confined in a medium is required for the transmission of
narrow pathway by using physical links. electromagnetic signals.
Features: Features:
•High Speed •Signal is broadcasted through air
•Secure •Less Secure
•Used for comparatively shorter distances •Used for larger distances
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Noise (Internal and External)

Internal Noise External Noise


Thermal noise Atmospheric noise
Shot noise Galactic noise
Partition noise Industrial noise
Flicker or low frequency noise
Transit time or HF noise
Generation-Recombination noise

Fundamental limitation of communication system:

Noise limitation
Bandwidth limitation
Equipment limitation
5
Interference
Interference is that which modifies a signal or waveform in a
disruptive manner, as it travels along a channel between its
transmitter and receiver. The term is often used to refer to the
addition of unwanted signals to a useful signal.

There are three basic types of interference:

 Radio frequency interference (RFI),


 Electrical interference and
 Intermodulation interference.

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Distortion:

• Distortion, in electronics is defined as any change in a signal that


alters the basic waveform or the relationship between various
frequency components; it is usually a degradation of the signal.

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Limitation due to noise, distortion and
Interference
• Degradation of system performance
• Alteration of sound which reduces user discomfort
• Irritation due to random noise
• Quality of received signal is bad.

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Block Diagram of Digital Communication System

• The effect of distortion, noise, and interference is much less in digital


signals as they are less affected
• Digital circuits are easy to design and cheaper than analog circuits.
• Better security than Analog
• Error checking mechanism can be employed easily in Digital system
• Digital signals can be saved and retrieved more conveniently than
analog signals.
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Modulation:
Modulation is a process in which the feature (amplitude, phase or frequency ) of the carrier signal is changed in
accordance with instantaneous value of modulating signal.

10
Need for Modulation:
• Size or height of the Antenna
• Frequency division multiplexing
• Less interference from other signals
• Transmit the information to long distance without interference.
• Reduce bandwidth.
• Narrow Banding

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Advantage of Analog Communication system:
Simple
Low bandwidth
Multiplexing can be used

Disadvantage:
Unable to separate noise and signal
Repeater can’t be used
Encryption and Decryption technique can’t be used
No security of transmitted data.
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Assignment
1. History of Communication
2. Different types of distortion

13
Thank You

14

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