Elements and
Compounds
What is an atom?
Some more Inquiry Questions:
•What is an atom made of?
• Is every matter made of atoms?
•How do the different subatomic particles (protons,
neutrons, electrons) contribute to an atom’s structure?
•How do atoms of different elements differ from each
other?
•What is the role of electrons in chemical bonding?
•Why are atoms considered the building blocks of
matter?
How does an atom look like? Can we
see them with the naked eye?
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https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulations/buil
d-an-atom
Elements
All (living and nonliving) of the different
kinds of matter in the universe is made
from about 100 different substances,
called elements.
Elements are called the building blocks of
matter because all matter is composed of
elements.
Each element is made up of the same
type of atoms.
The Periodic Table
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The periodic table organizes the elements in a particular
way. A great deal of information about an element can
be gathered from its position in the period table.
For example, you can predict with reasonably good
accuracy the physical and chemical properties of the
element. You can also predict what other elements a
particular element will react with chemically.
Understanding the organization and plan of the periodic
table will help you obtain basic information about each
of the 118 known elements.
3 KINDS OF MATTER
Elements
Compounds
Mixtures
The Periodic Table
Compounds
A compound is a substance made of two or
more different kinds of elements chemically
combined in a specific ratio.
Each compound is represented by a formula that
uses symbols to identify which elements are
present.
A formula shows the ratio of elements in the
compound.
H2O – ratio of Hydrogen is 2:1 Oxygen
Formulas
The symbols make up the formula. A
formula is just chemical shorthand for the
compound.
The subscript lets us know how many
atoms are present.
Compoun
ds
Molecules
A molecule is formed when two or more
atoms join together chemically.
Diatomic molecules are made of two
atoms of the same element.
Hydrogen – H2
Oxygen – O2
What is the difference between
a compound and a molecule?
A molecule is formed when two or more
atoms join together chemically.
A compound is a molecule that contains at
least two different elements.
All compounds are molecules but not all
molecules are compounds.
Molecular hydrogen (H2), molecular
oxygen (O2) and molecular nitrogen (N2)
are not compounds because each is
composed of a single element.
Water (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2) and
methane (CH4) are compounds because
each is made from more than one
element.
Molecule
The smallest bit of each of these
substances would be referred to as a
molecule. For example, a single molecule
of molecular hydrogen is made from two
atoms of hydrogen.
A single molecule of water is made from
two atoms of hydrogen and one atom of
oxygen.
Compound
A compound has properties different than
the elements that make it up.
The parts of a compound are present in
specific ratio’s.
NaCl is the formula for Table salt
Water is H2O
An oxygen atom can bond
with two hydrogen atoms to
make a molecule we call
water. Water is an example of
a compound, because it
contains more than one kind
of atom. The formula for
water is H2O, meaning there
are two hydrogen atoms for
each oxygen atom.
Carbon Dioxide CO2
Carbon dioxide molecules are made from
one carbon and two oxygen atoms joined
together by covalent bonds. The chemical
symbol is CO2.
Glucose - C6H12O6
Molecule
When a compound is broken down into its’
smallest piece it is called a molecule. You
should be able to write the formula for the
following:
Water
Oxygen
Carbon Dioxide
Examples of Compounds
Examples of Compounds
Examples of Fo Examples of names
rmulasfor of
compounds common compounds
H2O Water
C6H12O6 Glucose
C2H6O Alcohol
NaCl Salt
C2H6O Ethanol
C2H4O2 Vinegar
NH3 Ammonia
C2H4O2 Acetic Acid
C4H10 Butane
H2SO4 Sulfuric Acid
CH4 Methane
C12H22O11 Sucrose
C3H8 Propane
NaHCO3 Baking Soda
N2O Nitrogen
C6H8O7 Citric Acid
C8H18 Octane
C10H16O Camphor
Exit Ticket
What is one new fact you learned about
atoms today?
Why do you think scientists call atoms the
“building blocks” of everything around us?
If all matter is made of atoms, why do
different substances look and behave
differently?
