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Lecture 7 Collective Data Types (1)

This document provides an overview of collective data types in Python, focusing on lists, tuples, and dictionaries. It covers the creation, manipulation, and traversal of lists, including built-in functions and list comprehension, as well as the differences between lists and tuples. Additionally, it explains the structure and restrictions of dictionaries, highlighting their key-value pair nature and mutability.

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9 views19 pages

Lecture 7 Collective Data Types (1)

This document provides an overview of collective data types in Python, focusing on lists, tuples, and dictionaries. It covers the creation, manipulation, and traversal of lists, including built-in functions and list comprehension, as well as the differences between lists and tuples. Additionally, it explains the structure and restrictions of dictionaries, highlighting their key-value pair nature and mutability.

Uploaded by

henrysamuelmaulidi
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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COMP-122

INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER
PROGRAMMING

Lecture 7: Collective Data Types


OUTLINE
• Introduction to lists
• Slicing in lists
• Built-in list functions
• List comprehension
• Multidimensional lists
• Lists vs tuples
• Dictionaries
INTRODUCTION TO LISTS
• A list is a collection of items in a particular order. In other
words, a list is a value that contains multiple values in an
ordered sequence.
• You can put anything you want into a list, and the items in
your list don’t have to be related in any way.
• A list begins with an opening square bracket and ends with
a closing square bracket, [].
• Values inside the list are also called items. Items are
separated with commas.
• A list value looks like this: ['cat', 'bat', 'rat', 'elephant']
CREATING LISTS
• There are several ways to create a new list; the simplest
is to enclose the elements in square brackets ([ and ]):
• [10, 20, 30, 40]
• ['blantyre', 'mzuzu', 'lilongwe’]
• The elements of a list don’t have to be the same type.
• A list that contains no elements is called an empty list;
you can create one with empty brackets, [].
TRAVERSING LISTS
• Lists are ordered collections, so you can access any
element in a list by telling Python the position, or index,
of the item desired. To access an element in a list, write
the name of the list followed by the index of the item
enclosed in square brackets.

>>> districts = ['zomba', 'balaka', 'ntcheu']


>>> print(districts[0])
SLICES IN LISTS
• Just as an index can get a single value from a list, a slice can
get several values from a list, in the form of a new list.
• A slice is typed between square brackets, like an index, but it
has two integers separated by a colon.
• Notice the difference between indexes and slices.
• spam[2] is a list with an index (one integer).
• spam[1:5] is a list with a slice (two integers).
CHANGING VALUES IN A LIST
• You can also use an index of a list to change the value
at that index
IN-OPERATOR
• You can determine whether a value is or isn’t in a list with the in and
not in operators.
• Like other operators, in and not in are used in expressions and
connect two values: a value to look for in a list and the list where it may
be found.
• These expressions will evaluate to a Boolean value.
• Example:
BUILT-IN LIST FUNCTIONS
• All examples are using spam = [‘cat’, ‘dog’,’bat’];
Function Syntax Example Output

append LIST.append(‘valu spam.append(‘moo spam = [‘cat’, ‘dog’, ’bat’, ’moose’]


e’) se’)
insert LIST.insert(index,’ spam.insert(1, spam = [‘cat, ‘chicken’,’dog’,’bat’]
value) ‘chicken’)
remove LIST.remove(‘valu spam.remove(‘bat’) spam= [‘cat’,’dog’]
e’)
del del del spam[0] spam = [‘dog’,’bat’]
LIST_with_index
pop LIST.pop(position) spam.pop(1) spam= [‘cat’,’bat’]

sort LIST.sort() spam.sort() spam = [‘bat’,’cat’,’dog’]

len len(LIST) len(spam) 3


LIST COMPREHENSION
• List comprehension offers a shorter syntax when you want to create a new list
based on the values of an existing list.
• Syntax:

• Example: Based on a list of fruits, you want a new list, containing only the
fruits with the letter "a" in the name.
LIST COMPREHENSION (CONTD)
• Example: Based on a list of fruits, you want a new list, containing only the
fruits with the letter "a" in the name.
MULTIDIMENSIONAL LISTS
• A list within another list is nested. There can be more than one
additional dimension to lists in Python. Keeping in mind that a list can
hold other lists, that basic principle can be applied over and over. Multi-
dimensional lists are the lists within lists.
LISTS VS TUPLES
• Lists work well for storing sets of items that can change throughout the
life of a program.
• However, sometimes you’ll want to create a list of items that cannot
change. That is where tuples come in.
• Python refers to values that cannot change as immutable, and an
immutable list is called a tuple.
• A tuple looks just like a list except you use parentheses instead of
square brackets.
• For example, if we have a rectangle that should always be a certain
size, we can ensure that its size doesn’t change by putting the
dimensions into a tuple:
DICTIONARY
• A dictionary is a key:value pair, similar to an associative array found in
other programming languages.
• A dictionary is like an address-book where you can find the address or
contact details of a person by knowing only his/her name i.e. we
associate keys (name) with values (details).
• Note that the key must be unique just like you cannot find out the
correct information if you have two persons with the exact same name.
• Unlike tuples, dictionaries are mutable.
TRAVERSING DICTIONARIES
The methods keys(), values() and items() are used to get views as
displayed below. A for-loop can be used to access single elements of
the views.
TRAVERSING DICTIONARIES
(CONTD)
DICTIONARY RESTRICTIONS
• First, a given key can appear in a dictionary only once. Duplicate keys are
not allowed.
• Secondly, a dictionary key must be of a type that is immutable. A tuple
can also be a dictionary key because tuples are immutable.
• Thus, neither a list nor another dictionary can serve as a dictionary key,
because lists and dictionaries are mutable.

• By contrast, there are no restrictions on dictionary values.


Literally none at all. A dictionary value can be any type of object
Python supports, including mutable types like lists and
dictionaries.
• There is also no restriction against a particular value appearing
in a dictionary multiple times.
LISTS VS DICTIONARIES
• The main difference is items in dictionaries are accessed via their keys
and not positions.

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