Disaster

Management on
Community
Ns. Siska Evi Martina, S.Kep., MNS
What is disaster
management ???
 “A disaster can be defined as any occurrence that
cause damage, ecological disruption, loss of human
life, deterioration of health and health services on a
scale, sufficient to warrant an extraordinary response
from outside the affected community or area”.

(W.H.O.)

 “A disaster can be defined as an occurrence either

nature or manmade that causes human suffering and
creates human needs that victims cannot alleviate
without assistance”.
American Red Cross (ARC) ’
 Disaster
Management on
Community
Disaster management is a critical process that helps
communities prepare for, respond to, and recover from
natural or human-made catastrophic events. It involves a
coordinated effort across various agencies and stakeholders
to minimize the impact and aid in the restoration of
normalcy.
BACKGROUND

 Enormous population pressures and urbanization

 A flood, a drought or an earthquake millions of peoples

are affected each time a disaster occurs

 Large-scale displacement and the loss of life, loss of

property and agricultural crops
 BACKGROUND

 The reasons for this are varied

including:
 an increasing population pressures in
urban areas

 an increase in the extent of

encroachment into lands, e.g., river beds
or drainage courses, low lying areas etc.

 poor or ignored zoning laws and policies

Understanding Community
Vulnerabilities
1 Identifying Hazards 2 Assessing Risks
The first step in understanding community Evaluating the likelihood and potential
vulnerabilities is to identify the potential impact of these hazards is crucial for
hazards that threaten the area, such as prioritizing and allocating resources
natural disasters, industrial accidents, or effectively. Risk assessments consider
terrorist attacks. This knowledge helps factors like population density,
communities develop targeted infrastructure, and the community's ability
preparedness and mitigation strategies. to respond and recover.

3 Recognizing Vulnerabilities
Certain groups within the community, such as the elderly, disabled, or low-income populations,
may be more vulnerable to the effects of disasters. Understanding these vulnerabilities allows for
the development of inclusive emergency plans that address the diverse needs of the community.
PRINCIPLES OF DISASTER
MANAGEMENT

• Disaster management is the responsibility of all spheres

of government

• Disaster management should use resources that exist

for a day-to-day purpose.

• Organizations should function as an extension of their

core business

• Individuals are responsible for their own safety.

• Disaster management planning should focus on large-

scale events.
 CONTD….

• Disaster Management planning should recognize the

difference between incidents and disasters.

• DM planning must take account of the type of physical

environment and the structure of the population.

• DM arrangements must recognise the involvement and

potential role of non- government agencies.

PHASES OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT
Disaster Preparedness

Disaster impact

Disaster Response

Rehabilitation

Disaster Mitigation
DISASTER PREPAREDNESS
PREPAREDNESS SHOULD BE IN THE FORM OF MONEY,
MANPOWER AND MATERIALS

• EVALUATION FROM PAST EXPERIENCES ABOUT RISK

• LOCATION OF DISASTER PRONE AREAS

• ORGANIZATION OF COMMUNICATION, INFORMATION

AND WARNING SYSTEM

• ENSURING CO-ORDINATION AND RESPONSE

MECHANISMS
 CONTD….

• DEVELOPMENT OF PUBLIC EDUCATION

PROGRAMME

• CO-ORDINATION WITH MEDIA

• NATIONAL & INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

• KEEPING STOCK OF FOODS, DRUG AND OTHER

ESSENTIAL COMMODITIES.
Disaster Preparedness Planning
Risk Mitigation Emergency Planning Community Engagement

Proactive measures to reduce the Developing comprehensive Engaging the community in the
impact of potential disasters, such emergency plans that outline roles, preparedness process, through
as strengthening infrastructure, responsibilities, and response training, drills, and public
implementing building codes, and protocols ensures a coordinated awareness campaigns, fosters a
creating emergency supply and efficient reaction when disaster culture of preparedness and
stockpiles, can significantly strikes. These plans should be empowers individuals to take an
improve a community's ability to regularly reviewed and updated to active role in safeguarding their
withstand and recover from an address changing needs and neighborhoods.
event. evolving threats.
Emergency Response Strategies
1 Activation
Upon the onset of a disaster, the activation of emergency response protocols is crucial.
This includes mobilizing first responders, establishing command and control centers, and
initiating communication channels to gather and disseminate critical information.

2 Search and Rescue

Immediate search and rescue operations are essential to save lives and provide medical
assistance to those affected. Trained teams, equipped with specialized gear, work
tirelessly to locate and extract individuals in distress.

3 Stabilization
Once the immediate threat has been addressed, the focus shifts to stabilizing the
situation. This involves restoring essential services, securing damaged infrastructure,
and providing temporary shelter and supplies to displaced community members.
Disaster Relief and Recovery
Humanitarian Aid Rebuilding Infrastructure
Disaster relief efforts often involve the Restoring critical infrastructure, such as
distribution of food, water, clothing, and other roads, bridges, and utilities, is a vital
essential supplies to assist affected component of the recovery process. This not
individuals and families. Coordinating with only enables the resumption of essential
local and international organizations is crucial services but also lays the foundation for long-
for ensuring the efficient and equitable term community rebuilding and resilience.
delivery of these resources.

Psychological Support Funding and Financing

Disasters can have a profound emotional and Securing adequate funding and financing is
psychological impact on survivors. Providing critical for financing disaster relief efforts and
access to mental health services, counseling, financing long-term recovery initiatives. This
and support groups helps individuals and may involve accessing government aid,
communities cope with the trauma and work leveraging insurance policies, and exploring
towards healing and recovery. public-private partnerships.
Collaboration and Coordination

Government Agencies Non-Profit Community International

Organizations Stakeholders Assistance
Effective coordination
between local, state, and Non-profit organizations play Engaging with community In the event of large-scale
federal government agencies a crucial role in supplementing stakeholders, such as disasters, accessing
is essential for ensuring a government efforts, providing businesses, religious international aid and expertise
cohesive and streamlined specialized services, and organizations, and civic can provide vital support for
disaster response and mobilizing volunteers to groups, helps to harness local overwhelmed local and
recovery effort. support disaster-affected knowledge, resources, and national resources, facilitating
communities. networks to bolster disaster a more comprehensive
preparedness and response. recovery process.
Disaster impact

Search, rescue
and first aid

Field care

Triage

Tagging

Identification of
dead
Disaster response
 Epidemiologic surveillance and disease control

 Vaccination

 Nutrition
Rehabilitation phase

 Water supply

 Food safety

 Basic sanitation and personal hygiene

 Vector control
 DISASTER
MITIGATION
 This involves lessening the likely effects of emergencies.

 These include depending upon the disaster, protection of vulnerable

population and structure.

Eg. improving structural qualities of schools, houses and such other

buildings so that medical causalities can be minimized.

 Similarly ensuring the safety of health facilities and public health

services including water supply and sewerage system to reduce the

cost of rehabilitation and reconstruction.

This mitigation compliments the disaster preparedness and disaster

response activities.
DISASTER-EFFECTS
 Deaths

 Disability

 Increase in communicable disease

 Psychological problems

 Food shortage

 Socioeconomic losses

 Shortage of drugs and medical supplies.

 Environmental disruption
DISASTER RECOVERY
 Successful Recovery Preparation

 Be vigilant in Health teaching

 Psychological support

 Referrals to hospital as needed

 Remain alert for environmental health

 Nurse must be attentive to the danger

Building Resilient Communities
Risk Awareness
Fostering a deep understanding of the community's vulnerabilities and the
potential risks it faces is the foundation for building resilience.

Capacity Building
Investing in the development of critical infrastructure, emergency
response capabilities, and community-based support systems enhances
the ability to withstand and recover from disasters.

Adaptive Capacity
Encouraging a culture of flexibility, innovation, and continuous learning
enables communities to adapt and evolve their disaster management
strategies in response to changing threats and circumstances.
FUTURE DIRECTIONS
• ENCOURAGE AND CONSOLIDATE KNOWLEDGE
NETWORKS

• MOBILIZE AND TRAIN DISASTER VOLUNTEERS FOR

MORE EFFECTIVE PREPAREDNESS, MITIGATION AND
RESPONSE (NSS, NCC, SCOUTS AND GUIDES, NYK, CIVIL
DEFENCE, HOMEGUARDS)

• INCREASED CAPACITY BUILDING LEADS TO FASTER

VULNERABILITY REDUCTION.

• LEARN FROM BEST PRACTICES IN DISASTER

PREPAREDNESS, MITIGATION AND DISASTER RESPONSE
FUTURE DIRECTIONS

• MOBILISING STAKEHOLDER PARTICIPATION OF SELF

HELP GROUPS, WOMEN’S GROUPS, YOUTH GROUPS,
PANCHAYATI RAJ INSTITUTIONS

• ANTICIPATORY GOVERNANCE: SIMULATION

EXERCISES, MOCK DRILLS AND SCENARIO ANALYSIS

• INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE SYSTEMS AND COPING

PRACTICES

• LIVING WITH RISK: COMMUNITY BASED DISASTER

RISK MANAGEMENT
FUTURE DIRECTIONS

• INCLUSIVE, PARTICIPATORY, GENDER SENSITIVE,

CHILD FRIENDLY, ECO-FRIENDLY AND DISABLED
FRIENDLY DISASTER MANAGEMENT

• TECHNOLOGY DRIVEN BUT PEOPLE OWNED

• KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT: DOCUMENTATION AND

DISSEMINATION OF GOOD PRACTICES

• PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP

Lessons Learned and Future Considerations
Effective Communication Ensuring clear and timely
communication between all stakeholders
is crucial for a coordinated and effective
response.
Continuous Improvement Regularly reviewing and updating
disaster management plans based on
lessons learned and evolving best
practices.
Interdisciplinary Collaboration Fostering collaboration across various
disciplines, such as emergency
management, public health, and urban
planning, to enhance the community's
overall resilience.
Community Empowerment Empowering and engaging the
community to take an active role in
disaster preparedness and response
efforts, building self-reliance and a
culture of resilience.