ANCIENT
GREEK
ARCHITECTU
RE
OMEGA, GONZALES, CAMPILLOS, TARIMAN
Map of the Ancient Greece
Overview
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OBJECTIVES 2 3
INFLUENCES ARCHITECTURAL
CHARACTERS/
EXAMPLES
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01
01
OBJECTIV
ES
Objectives
1. Provide a thorough grasp of the diverse designs,
components, and historical setting of Greek architecture.
2. Highlight the important eras, styles, and innovations
that have influenced the development of Greek architecture
from its earliest forms to its peak.
3. Identify and discuss some of the most known and
significant Greek marvels of architecture.
Overview
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OBJECTIVES 2 3
INFLUENCES ARCHITECTURAL
CHARACTERS/
EXAMPLES
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02
02
INFLUENC
ES
InfluencesGEOGRAPHY
HISTORIC AND
AL
Aegean Period
Mycenean or
GEOLOGY
Mainland: mountanious
hinterlands separated
Helladic
inhabitants into groups,
Hellenic Period
clans, states
Hellenistic
Acrhipelago islands: sea
Period
was the inevitable means
RELIGION of trade and communiction
Nature worship:
religious rites, CLIMATE
sacred games, ritual Between rigorous cold
dances, sacrifices and relaxing heat, clear
Greek Gods and atmosphere and intense
Roman counterparts ight
THE
AEGEAN
PERIOD
3000 BC- 1100 BC
IN 3000 BC- 1100
BC….
The Minoan and Mycenaean
civilizations, part of the Aegean period,
were known for their grand palaces
and fortifications. These early
architectural achievements greatly
influenced later Greek architecture. The
Minoans, with their colorful frescoes
and intricate layouts, inspired the
Greeks to use columns and open
spaces in their designs. The
Mycenaeans, on the other hand,
contributed to the use of stone
construction and fortifications in Greek
architecture.
This period was
characterized with
their rough and
massive
structures.
Two-part capital:
square abacus above and
circular bulbous echinus
below
POLYGONAL
WALLS
advanced
technique, Hellenic
period, no pit or tar
RECTANGULAR
CYCLOPIAN
WALLS
WALLS
dowels, typically
large stones, no
constructed using
mortar, clay
large, irregularly
bedding
shaped stones
THE HELLENIC
PERIOD
650 BC – 323 BC
IN 650 BC – 323
BC
When Greek city-states were thriving
throughout the Hellenic period, there
were two main architectural types.
Greece's mainland had an impact on
the Doric order, which is famous for its
simple, durable columns and
straightforward architecture. The Ionian
districts were characterized by the Ionic
order, which included more ornamental
elements such scroll-like caps. These
architectural styles were the foundation
for Greek temple design and had a big
influence on Western architecture.
Mosty religious
architecture
“ CARPENTRY IN
MARBLE”- timber
forms imitated in stone
with remarkable
exactness
CONSTRUCTION
SYSTEM
Columnar and trabeated
MATERIALS
Timber, stone, terra cotta
THE GREEK
ORDER
capital, base
column shaft,
horizontal
entablature
(architrave, frieze,
cornice)
COLUMNATION DORIC, IONIC, Refinements used
CAPITALS AND CORINTHIAN to correct optical
first columns and
illusions
entablature were
Sculptures.
made of timber with
colors, mural
terra cotta decorations
painting
(stone columns in 600
BC)
THE
HELLENESTIC
PERIOD
323 BC – 30 BC
IN 323 BC – 30 BC
Following Alexander, the Great's
conquests, the Hellenistic era saw the
spread of Greek civilization over a
sizable empire. A variety of
architectural styles were created
because of the interaction between
Greek architects and their ideas and
those from other places. Monumental
buildings fused elements from Egypt,
Asia, and Greece, as the Lighthouse of
Alexandria. This historical period is
known for its architectural fusion and
innovation.
Provided inspiration
for Roman building
types. Not religious in
character but civic.
Dignified and gracious
structures,
symmetrical and
CONSTRUCTION orderly.
SYSTEM
Columnar and trabeated
COLUMNATIONS AND
CAPITALS
Greek orders
OPENINGS
CLERESTORY-
between roof and
upper wall
SKYLIGHT- made of
thin, translucent
marble
TEMPLE DOOR- on
the east
ORIENTATION
Entire group of
buildings laid out
symmetrically and
orderly doors
oriented towards
east
DECORATION
MOULDINGS-
architectural device
which with light and
shade, produce
definition to a
building
EXAMPLES
TEMENOS-
sacred enclosure built on
the highest part of a
settlement, allowing it to
be a citadel or acropolis
(upper city)
The Acropolis.
Athens
TEMPLES-
• Not intended for
internal worship- altar
was outside, on the
east front.
• Built with a special
regard to outward
effect. PARTS:
• NAOS- principal
chamber of the temple,
containing statue
• TREASURY CHAMBER
• FRONT (PRONAOS) AND
REAR PORTICOES
(opisthodomos/
epinaos)
TEMPLES PLANNED BY NUMBER OF
COLUMNS:
hemostyle, distyle, tristyle, tetrastyle, pentastyle,
hexastyle, heptastyle, octasyle, enneastyle,
decastyle, dodecastyle.
TEMPLES PLANNED BY COLUMN
ARRANGEMENT:
• in- antis- between anta and the front
• amphi- antis- at front and rear
• amphi- prostyle- porticoes at front and rear
peripteral- on all sides
• pseudo- peripteral- flanking colums attached to
naos
• dipteral- double line of columns surrounding naos
• pseudo- dipteral- like dipteral, but inner columns
DORIC TEMPLES
• Had a timber origin
COLUMN
• Without base : H= 4=6 x base
diameter
Parthenon, Acropolis Temple of Hera Paestr
IONIC TEMPLES
• Evolved from timber forms
• Volute capital derived from
Egyptian lotus and Aegean art
COLUMN
• More slender than Doric Needed a
base to spread load H = 9 X base
diameter 24 flutes separated by
fillets
ENTABLATURE
• H=2 & 1/4 X diameter of column
PARTS
• Architrave, with fasciae, Cornice,
No frieze
Temple of Nike Apteros, Athens
Designed by Callicrates
(one of the smallest temples)
Temple of Artemis Ephesus
CORINTHIAN TEMPLES
• the decorative font of IONIC
ORDER
COLUMN
• base and shaft resemble Ionic
• more slender
• H=10 × diameters
CAPITAL
• much deeper than Ionic
• 1 1/6 diameter high
• invented by Callimachus,
inspired by basket over root of
acanthus plant
ENTABLATURE
• same part as Ionic
• 3 parts: architrave, frieze, and
Overview
0
OBJECTIVES 2
INFLUENCES ARCHITECTURAL
CHARACTERS/
EXAMPLES
You can describe the
topic of the section
here
03
03
ARCHITECTURAL
CHARACTERS/
EXAMPLES
Examples
temis, CorfuTemple of Olympian Zeus, Parthen
Athens
Examples
pian Zeus, Parthenon, Acropolis Odeon
Acropo
Examples
Acropolis Odeon of Herodes Atticus, Tem
Acropolis
Examples
Atticus, Temple of Hera, Olympia Temp
Examples
era, Olympia Temple of Artemis, Corfu Temple
Athens
THAN
K
GROUP
GONZAL MEMBERS: TARIMAN,
ES, JAN
PHOEBE HERSON
18 YEARS OLD 18 YEARS OLD
BSA-1A BSA-1A
OMEGA,
KATHERINE
18 YEARS OLD
BSA-1A
CAMPILLOS,
JAYZAN
18 YEARS OLD
BSA-1A
