Survey about wind
energy system
Wind Energy Is One Of The
Renewable Energy Sources
CONTANT THAT WE WILL TALK ABOUT IN THIS SURVEY
1- Why Wind Energy?
2- Wind Turbine Schematic
3- Types of Wind Turbine
4-Types of Wind Turbine Generators
1- Why Wind Energy?
• 1- Clean and Renewable
• 2- Low Operating Costs Wind Energy Benefits
• 3- Reduced Reliance on Fossil Fuels • No air emissions
• 4- Energy Independence • No fuel to mine, transport, or store
• 5- Improves Public Health
• No cooling water
• 6- Land Use Efficiency
• 7- Preserves Water Resources • No water pollution
• 8- Job Creation • No wastes
3- Wind Turbine Schematic
1) Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines (HAWTS) 2) Vertical Axis Wind Turbines (VAWTS)
•Upwind Turbines •Darrieus Turbines:
•Downwind Turbines •Savonius Turbines
•Hybrid Designs
Comparison of HAWTs and
VAWTs
•Location:
Onshore Wind •Installed in open land areas such as plains, hills, or deserts
Turbine where wind speeds are sufficiently high.
•Capacity:
•Ranges from small (100 kW) for community projects to large (3–
10 MW) for utility-scale installations.
Advantages of Onshore Wind Turbines
1.Cost-Effective:
2.Ease of Maintenance
3.Short Construction Time
4.Scalability:
Disadvantages of Onshore Wind Turbines
1.Land Use
2.visual and Noise Pollution:
3.Variable Wind Speeds:
4.Impact on Wildlife:
5.Lower Energy Output Compared to Offshore
Offshore Wind Turbines
•Location:
•Installed in shallow or deep waters on fixed foundations (e.g., monopiles or jackets) or floating platforms.
•Found in regions with high wind potential, such as coastal areas and open seas.
•Design:
•Larger turbines compared to onshore, with blade lengths exceeding 80 meters and tower heights of 100–150 meters.
•Rated capacities range from 6 MW to over 15 MW per turbine, enabling higher energy output.
Advantages of Offshore Wind Turbines
1.Higher Energy Output
2.No Land Usage
3.Minimal Visual and Noise Impact
4.Large-Scale Potential
5.Improved Efficiency
Disadvantages of Offshore Wind Turbines
1.High Installation Costs
2.Challenging Maintenance
3.Environmental Concerns
4.Grid Connection Complexity
5.Weather Vulnerability
Hybrid Wind
1.Combination of Technologies:
Hybrid systems integrate wind turbines with complementary technologies such as:
1. Solar Panels: To capture solar energy during low wind periods.
2. Battery Storage: To store excess energy for use during peak demand or when wind and sunlight are insufficient.
3. Hydropower or Diesel Generators: For additional backup power in remote areas.
2.Location:
1. Can be installed onshore or offshore, depending on wind and solar resource availability.
2. Ideal for remote or isolated locations where grid connectivity is limited.
Advantages of Hybrid Wind Turbines
1.Consistent Energy Supply
2.Improved Efficiency
3.Energy Storage
4.Reduced Environmental Impact
5.Versatility
6.Cost Savings in the Long Run
7.Scalability
Disadvantages of Hybrid Wind Turbines
1.High Initial Costs
2.Technological Complexity
3.Maintenance Challenges
3.Space Requirements
5.Energy Losses
5- Types of Wind Turbine Generators
• Type A : (SCIG – Squirrel Cage Induction Generator)
• Type B : Wound Rotor Induction Generator (WRIG)
• Type C : Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG)
• Type D : Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator
(PMSG)
Type A : (SCIG – Squirrel Cage
Induction Generator)
Advantages Disadvantages
•Robustness and Reliability
•Speed Variation
•Low Maintenance
•Reactive Power Requirement
•Self-Starting Capability
•Lower Efficiency
•Power Factor Control
•Complex Control Systems
Type B : Wound Rotor Induction Generator (WRIG)
Advantages
•Variable Speed Operation
Disadvantages
•Complex Construction
•Power Factor Control
•Slip Rings and Brushes
•Reduced Grid Current
•Lower Efficiency
•Reactive Power Generation
Type C : Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG)
Advantages Disadvantages
•Variable Speed Operation •Complex Control System
•Power Factor Control •Power Electronic
•Reduced Grid Current Converters
•Reactive Power Generation •Reduced Reliability
Type D : Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG)
Advantages Disadvantages
•High Efficiency •Cost of Permanent Magnets
•Wide Speed Range •Thermal Limitations
•Reduced Maintenance •Sensitivity to Magnetic Fields
•Compact Design
•Power Factor Control
4- Kinetic Energy of Wind and power
• The kinetic energy of air:
Where:
•KE : is the kinetic energy
•M : is the mass of the object (in this case, the air)
•W : is the velocity of the object (the wind speed)
The mass of air depends on the area, the speed of the wind, the air density (ρ), and the time (t):
M = AρVT
The wind power density can be written as
The air density is a function of air pressure,
temperature, Altitude and air components .
Coefficient of Power (Cp):
The ratio of the power captured by the blades (Pblade) to the available
power from the wind in the sweep area of the blades (Pwind) is known as
the coefficient of performance or power coefficient (Cp)
The power coefficient Cp varies with the wind speed of the turbine
blade parameters :
γ : is the tip speed ratio between the rotating speed of wind turbine and the undistributed wind velocity ,
γ = ωt R / V
Where :
• R is the radius of the turbine rotor,
• ωT :is the angular speed of turbine
• V :is the undistributed wind speed.
β : is the blade pitch angle that between the chord line and rotor plane
