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Week-2- Lesson-2 DC

The document discusses the TCP/IP protocol suite, which consists of four primary layers that can be aligned with five layers in the OSI model. It details four levels of addressing used in TCP/IP: physical, logical, port, and specific addresses, each serving distinct purposes in data communication. Additionally, it highlights the differences between TCP/IP and OSI models and provides examples of each type of address.

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3 views13 pages

Week-2- Lesson-2 DC

The document discusses the TCP/IP protocol suite, which consists of four primary layers that can be aligned with five layers in the OSI model. It details four levels of addressing used in TCP/IP: physical, logical, port, and specific addresses, each serving distinct purposes in data communication. Additionally, it highlights the differences between TCP/IP and OSI models and provides examples of each type of address.

Uploaded by

deepmitra68
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DATA

COMMUNICATION
CSE
225/233

WEEK-2,
LESSON-2
NETWORK
MODEL
Summary of the layers

Data Communication Lecture Series, NRC, MAY2020 2.2


TCP/IP Protocol Suite
The layers in the TCP/IP protocol suite do not exactly match
those in the OSI model. The original TCP/IP protocol suite was
defined as having four layers: host-to-network, internet,
transport, and application. However, when TCP/IP is compared
to OSI, we can say that the TCP/IP protocol suite is made of five
layers: physical, data link, network, transport, and application.

Data Communication Lecture Series, NRC, MAY2020 2.3


TCP/IP and OSI Model

Data Communication Lecture Series, NRC, MAY2020 2.4


Difference between TCP/IP and OSI

Data Communication Lecture Series, NRC, MAY2020 2.5


Addressing
Four levels of addresses are used in an internet employing
the TCP/IP protocols: physical, logical, port, and specific.

Topics discussed in this section:


Physical
Addresses Logical
Addresses Port
Addresses
Specific Addresses

Data Communication Lecture Series, NRC, MAY2020 2.6


Addresses in TCP/IP

Data Communication Lecture Series, NRC, MAY2020 2.7


Physical
Addresses
•The physical address, also known as the link address, is the
address of a node as defined by its LAN or WAN.
•The size and format of these addresses vary depending on the
network. For example, Ethernet uses a 6-byte (48-bit) physical
address.
•Physical addresses can be either unicast (one single recipient),
multicast (a group of recipients), or broadcast (to be received by
all systems in the network.
•Example: Most local area networks use a 48-bit (6-byte) physical
address written as 12 hexadecimal digits; every byte (2
hexadecimal digits) is separated by a colon, as shown below: A 6-
byte (12 hexadecimal digits) physical address 07:01:02:01:2C:4B

Data Communication Lecture Series, NRC, MAY2020 2.8


Logical
•Addresses
Logical addresses are used by networking software to allow
packets to be independent of the physical connection of the
network, that is, to work with different network topologies and
types of media.
•A logical address in the Internet is currently a 32-bit/128-bit
address that can uniquely define a host connected to the
Internet. An internet address in IPv4 in decimal numbers
132.24.75.9
•No two publicly addressed and visible hosts on the Internet can
have the same IP address.
•The physical addresses will change from hop to hop, but the
logical addresses remain the same.
•The logical addresses can be either unicast (one single recipient),
multicast (a group of recipients), or broadcast (all systems in the
network). There are limitations on broadcast addresses.

Data Communication Lecture Series, NRC, MAY2020 2.9


Port
Addresses
•There are many application running on the computer.
Each application run with a port no.(logically) on the computer.
•Aport number is part of the addressing information used
to
identify the senders and receivers of messages.
•Port numbers are most commonly used with TCP/IP connections.
•These port numbers allow different applications on the
same computer to share network resources simultaneously.
•The physical addresses change from hop to hop, but the logical
and port addresses usually remain the same.
•Example: a port address is a 16-bit address represented by one
decimal number 753

Data Communication Lecture Series, NRC, MAY2020 2.10


Specific
Addresses
•Some applications user-friendly addresses that
designed for that specific application.
have are
•Examples include the e-mail address (for
[email protected]) and the Universal example,
Locator (URL) (for example, www.daffodilvarsity.edu.bd). The
Resource
first defines the recipient of an e-mail; the second is used to find
a document on the World Wide Web.

Data Communication Lecture Series, NRC, MAY2020 2.11


Exercis
es
•Go through the exercises given at the end of the chapter. Note
that, we are following the 4th Edition of Forouzan Book for this
chapter.

Data Communication Lecture Series, NRC, MAY2020 2.12


Data Communication Lecture Series, NRC, MAY2020 2.13

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