Topic: John locke
Presenting:
Tanzila Hossain
ID: 221-10-951
Biography:
• He believed in the importance of
individual rights, liberty, and the
pursuit of happiness.
• His most famous work, "Two
Treatises of Government,"
published in 1689, laid the
groundwork for modern political
theory.
Born: August 29, 1632,
Wrington, United Kingdom
Died: October 28, 1704
Education: University of Oxford
Presenting:
MST. Farzana
Yeasmin ID: 221-10-
948
What is Epistemology?
Empiricism vs Rationalism
Tabula Rasa Concept
Contemporary Relevance of Locke’s Epistemology
• Relevance in Modern Science: Modern science bases its conclusions
on empirical observation and always remains open to rejecting or
revising a scientific theory based on further observations. Locke would
have us do the same.
• Application of Locke's Theories: Modern scholars apply Locke's
epistemological theories to diverse fields, including psychology,
sociology, and political theory.
Religious Epistemology
• Paradigmatic of the ideals of the Enlightenment.
• Religious beliefs should be based on evidence.
• Locke defends an Enlightenment ideal of rational religion.
Influence and Legacy
• Influenced on later empiricists like George Berkeley and David
Hume.
• Contributed to the development of the modern scientific
worldview.
Presenting:
MST. Abida Farhana Rinki
ID:221-10-979
Characteristics of the State of Nature:
• No government, no written down laws, no police, no
judges
• Everyone is 'perfectly free' but only within the bounds of
tbe laws of nature. It may be a state of liberty but it it is
not a state of license and natural laws exist that everyone
must follow all the time, no matter what.
• Everyone is also perfectly equal by which Locke means
something like equality of opportunity, equal to make use
of nature to the best of their ability.
• Though there is no politics there is society, meaning that
people live in families and villages.
Presenting:
Md. Mostofa Shahriar
ID: 221-10-982
Key idea: the state of nature
The idea of a state of nature existed long before Locke (Hobbes, Pufendorf,
others), but Locke's version even tod remains incredibly important.
The basic idea is that human beings once lived in kind of 'natural state' and that
this natural state had certain characteristics to it, including basic respect for
individual liberties.
Basically, John Locke argues that this set of rights that exis naturally' can NEVER
be justly taken away from you and if your government is taking them away, you
have the righ revolution.
Sometimes it is called 'natural rights liberalism' for this reason.
Presenting:
Nishat Anan Nodi
ID: 221-10-958
Social Contract
The Social Contract is the idea that the government should exist to
enforce the sovereign will of society, as society is the real holder of
power, not government. As a result, the less time that government
spends on itself, the more efficient that government will be in
providing for society.
• The role of the social contract
• The parties
• Agreement
• The object of agreement
• Best Forms of Government
Presenting:
Md. Emran Ahmed
ID:221-10-948
Social Contract
1
Natural
Rights Individuals possess inherent rights to life, liberty, and property,
which the government must protect.
2
Social Consent of
Legitimate governments are formed with the consent of
Contract the
Governed
the people they govern, who agree to abide by the rules
and laws established for the common good.
By
John Locke
3
Governments should be limited in their powers and only exercise
Limited authority that is delegated to them by the people, with the primary
Government
purpose of protecting individual rights and promoting societal
harmony.
Presenting:
Sidratul Muntaha Mishu
ID: 221-10-968
Locke as the father of modern democracy
John Locke is often called the "father of modern democracy" because
his ideas laid down the foundation for many democratic principles.
Here's why:
• Government by Consent: Locke's idea that governments should only have power if
they have the consent of the governed is a fundamental principle of democracy.
• Natural Rights: Locke's concept of natural rights, such as life, liberty, and property,
influenced the idea that governments should exist to protect these rights.
• Limiting Government Power: Locke believed that governments should have limited powers
and should only intervene to protect people's rights .
• Rule of Law: Locke advocated for the rule of law, which means that everyone, including the
government, should be subject to the law.
Presenting:
Md. Roni
ID: 221-10- 960
Social Contract
Right to Revolution:
01 Locke argued that if a government fails to protect the rights of its
citizens, the people have the right to overthrow or change it.
Influence on Founding Fathers:
02 Locke's ideas heavily influenced the thinkers behind the American
Revolution and the drafting of the United States Constitution.
International Impact:
03 Locke's ideas were not limited to England; they spread across Europe
and influenced movements for democracy and human rights globally.
Presenting:
Araf Bin Yousuf Afi
ID: 221-10- 967
conclusion
John Locke's contributions to philosophy and political theory are
immense. His ideas on natural rights, the social contract, and the
right to property have shaped modern democratic societies.
By advocating for individual liberties and limited government
intervention, Locke's legacy continues
to influence political thought and governance around the world.
Thank
you
