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Internet Basics Powerpoint

The document provides an overview of the Internet and the World Wide Web, explaining their structures, functions, and how to access them. It covers essential concepts such as IP addressing, domain names, URLs, and the role of web browsers and search engines. Additionally, it outlines how to find information online and the basic components of web addresses.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
46 views31 pages

Internet Basics Powerpoint

The document provides an overview of the Internet and the World Wide Web, explaining their structures, functions, and how to access them. It covers essential concepts such as IP addressing, domain names, URLs, and the role of web browsers and search engines. Additionally, it outlines how to find information online and the basic components of web addresses.

Uploaded by

madihahena1
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to the

Internet and Web


Internet

 Itis the largest network in the world


that connects hundreds of thousands of
individual networks all over the world.
 The popular term for the Internet is the
“information highway”.
 Rather than moving through
geographical space, it moves your ideas
and information through cyberspace –
the space of electronic movement of
ideas and information.
Internet

 No one owns it
 It has no formal management organization.
 As it was originally developed by the
Department of defense, this lack of
centralization made it less vulnerable to
wartime or terrorist attacks.
 To access the Internet, an existing network
need to pay a small registration fee and
agree to certain standards based on the
TCP/IP (Transmission Control
Protocol/Internet Protocol) .
The uses of the Internet

 Send e-mail messages.


 Send (upload) or receive (down load)
files between computers.
 Participate in discussion groups, such
as mailing lists and newsgroups.
 Surfing the web.
What is Web?
 The Web (World Wide Web) consists of
information organized into Web pages
containing text and graphic images.
 Itcontains hypertext links, or highlighted
keywords and images that lead to related
information.
A collection of linked Web pages that has a
common theme or focus is called a Web
site.
 The main page that all of the pages on a
particular Web site are organized around and
link back to is called the site’s home page.
How to access the Internet?
 Many schools and businesses have direct
access to the Internet using special high-speed
communication lines and equipment.

 Students and employees can access through


the organization’s local area networks (LAN) or
through their own personal computers.

 Another way to access the Internet is through


Internet Service Provider (ISP).
How to access the Internet?
 To access the Internet, an existing network
need to pay a small registration fee and
agree to certain standards based on the
TCP/IP (Transmission Control
Protocol/Internet Protocol) reference model.
 Each organization pays for its own networks
and its own telephone bills, but those costs
usually exist independent of the internet.
 The regional Internet companies route and
forward all traffic, and the cost is still only
that of a local telephone call.
Internet Service Provider (ISP)

 A commercial organization with permanent


connection to the Internet that sells temporary
connections to subscribers.
 Examples:
 America Online, Microsoft network, AT&T
Networks.
How to access the Web?

 Once you have your Internet connection, then


you need special software called a browser to
access the Web.
 Web browsers are used to connect you to remote
computers, open and transfer files, display text
and images.
 Web browsers are specialized programs.
 Examples of Web browser: Netscape Navigator
(Navigator) and Internet Explorer.
Client/Server Structure of the Web

 Web is a collection of files that reside on


computers, called Web servers, that are
located all over the world and are connected to
each other through the Internet.
 When you use your Internet connection to
become part of the Web, your computer
becomes a Web client in a worldwide
client/server network.
 A Web browser is the software that you run on
your computer to make it work as a web client.
Hypertext Markup Language
(HTML)
 The public files on the web servers are ordinary
text files, much like the files used by word-
processing software.

 To allow Web browser software to read them, the


text must be formatted according to a generally
accepted standard.

 The standard used on the web is Hypertext markup


language (HTML).
Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)

 HTML uses codes, or tags, to tell the Web


browser software how to display the text
contained in the document.
 For example, a Web browser reading the
following line of text:
<B> A Review of the Book<I>Wind
Instruments of the 18th Century</I></B>
 recognizes the <B> and </B> tags as
instructions to display the entire line of text in
bold and the <I> and </I> tags as instructions
to display the text enclosed by those tags in
italics.
Addresses on the Web:IP Addressing
 Each computer on the internet does have a unique
identification number, called an IP (Internet
Protocol) address.

 The IP addressing system currently in use on the


Internet uses a four-part number.

 Each part of the address is a number ranging from


0 to 255, and each part is separated from the
previous part by period,

 For example, 106.29.242.17


IP Addressing
 The combination of the four IP address parts
provides 4.2 billion possible addresses (256 x 256
x 256 x 256).

 This number seemed adequate until 1998.

 Members of various Internet task forces are


working to develop an alternate addressing
system that will accommodate the projected
growth.

 However, all of their working solutions require


extensive hardware and software changes
throughout the Internet.
Domain Name Addressing
 Most web browsers do not use the IP address
t locate Web sites and individual pages.
 They use domain name addressing.
 A domain name is a unique name associated
with a specific IP address by a program that
runs on an Internet host computer.
 This program, which coordinates the IP
addresses and domain names for all
computers attached to it, is called DNS
(Domain Name System ) software.
 The host computer that runs this software is
called a domain name server.
Domain Name Addressing
 Domain names can include any number of parts
separated by periods, however most domain names
currently in use have only three or four parts.
 Domain names follow hierarchical model that you can
follow from top to bottom if you read the name from
the right to the left.
 For example, the domain name gsb.uchicago.edu is
the computer connected to the Internet at the
Graduate School of Business (gsb), which is an
academic unit of the University of Chicago (uchicago),
which is an educational institution (edu).
 No other computer on the Internet has the same
domain name.
Uniform Resource Locators
 The IP address and the domain name each identify a
particular computer on the Internet.
 However, they do not indicate where a Web page’s
HTML document resides on that computer.
 To identify a Web pages exact location, Web browsers
rely on Uniform Resource Locator (URL).
 URL is a four-part addressing scheme that tells the
Web browser:
 What transfer protocol to use for transporting the file
 The domain name of the computer on which the file
resides
 The pathname of the folder or directory on the
computer on which the file resides
 The name of the file
Structure of a Uniform Resource
Locators
pathname
protocol

http://www.chicagosymphony.org/civicconcerts/index.htm

Domain name filename

http => Hypertext Transfer Protocol


HTTP

 The transfer protocol is the set of


rules that the computers use to
move files from one computer to
another on the Internet.
 The most common transfer
protocol used on the Internet is the
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP).
 Two other protocols that you can
use on the Internet are the File
Transfer Protocol (FTP) and the
Telnet Protocol
How to find information on the
Web?
 A number of search tools have been
developed and available to you on certain
Web sites that provide search services to
help you find information.
 Examples:
 Yahoo  www.yahoo.com
 Excite  www.excite.com
 Lycos  www.lycos.com
 AltaVista  www/alta-vista.com
 MSN WebSearch  www.search.msn.com
How to find information on the
Web?
 You can find information by two basic means.
 Search by Topic and Search by keywords.
 Some search services offer both methods,
others only one.
 Yahoo offers both.
 Search by Topic

You can navigate through topic lists


 Search by keywords

You can navigate by entering a keyword or


phase into a search text box.
Some Common Terms

 The Internet is a network of computers


spanning the globe. It is also called the
World Wide Web.

 An Internet Browser is a software program


that enables you to view Web pages on your
computer. Browsers connect computers to
the Internet, and allow people to “surf the
Web.”

 Internet Explorer is one of the browsers


most commonly used. There are other
browsers available as well, including
Netscape.
A site or area on the World Wide Web that
is accessed by its own Internet address is
called a Web site.

A Web Page is like a page in a book.


Websites often have several pages that
you can access by clicking on links. A
Web site can be a collection of related
Web pages.

 Each Web site contains a home page (this


is the original starting page) and may also
contain additional pages.

 Different
computers will have different
home pages. You can set your own
webpage.
Layout of a Web Page

1. Title bar – tells you the name of the web page


2. Menu bar – has commands for moving around the webpage,
printing, etc
3. Tool bar – short cuts to commands. Each picture
represents a command
4. Address bar – webpage address. If you want to go directly
to a web page, you will need to know the address.
Parts of a Web Address

 A web address is typically composed of


four parts:
 For example, the address
http://www.google.ca is made up of
the following areas:
 http://
This Web server uses Hypertext Transfer
Protocol (HTTP). This is the most
common protocol on the Internet.
 www
This site is on the World Wide Web.
 google
The Web server and site maintainer.
 ca
This tells us it is a site in Canada.
 Endings of web pages tells us a bit about the page.
Some common endings to web addresses are:

 com (commercial)
 edu (educational institution)
 gov (government)
 net (network)
 org (organization)

 You might also see addresses that add a country code


as the last part of the address such as:
 ca (Canada)
 uk (United Kingdom)
 fr (France)
 us (United States of America)
 au (Australia)
How to Search the
Internet
Two basic ways
1. if you know the address of the web
page (example: www.cbc.ca)

2. Using a search engine like Google to


find the address. This is called a
keyword search
Typing in the Web Site
Address
1. Go to the address bar. Click once
to highlight the address. (It should
turn blue).
2. Hit the Delete key on your
keyboard.
3. Enter the following address:
www.theweathernetwork.com
4. Then press Enter on the keyboard
or click on the word Go on the right
side of the Address Bar.
Search the Internet
 If you don’t know the address of the
webpage, but want to learn more about a
topic or find a particular website, you will
need to do a search.

 There are several handy search engines


out there that will locate information for
you. Two of the mostly commonly used
are:
www.google.com
www.yahoo.com
Practice Exercise

1. Type www.google.ca into the address bar. (


www.google.ca is a Canadian version of the
search engine. www.google.com will search US
sites first)

2. Hit the Enter key or Go on the toolbar. You


should see the Google web page.
3. Now click on the Google box. You should see a flashing cursor.
Type in the topic. Hit enter.

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