PROTEI

N
SYNTHE
SIS
QUICK RECALL:
Directions: Fill in the complimentary DNA strand using DNA base pairing
rules. The first three nitrogenous bases were paired already and given as
examples.
Directions: Complete the table below by writing the correct words/description
about RNA or DNA.
• Double stranded helix
• Single stranded
• Sugar deoxyribose, phosphate and nucleotide basis
• Sugar ribose, phosphate and nucleotide basis
• A, T, C, G
• A, U, C, G
• Stores genetic materials
• Functions in protein synthesis transcribing and translating the genetic
code
COMPARISON DNA RNA

Structure

Components

Functions
LEARNIN At the end of this lesson,
you will be able to:
G 1 compare the functions and

OUTCOM structures of DNA and RNA

molecule;
ES 2
explain the role of DNA and
RNA in protein synthesis;

3 Illustrate the process of

replication, transcription,
and translation.
WHAT BODY PARTS ARE
POINTED AT?
 What are
the roles
and
functions of
proteins?
 DNA RNA
• Stores genetic material • Functions in protein synthesis in
transcribing and translating genetic
code
 3 Types of
RNA
1.Messenger RNA 2. Ribosomal RNA 3. Transfer tRNA
(mRNA) (rRNA) (tRNA)
- Transcribes the - Binds the mRNA - Translates the
DNA nucleotide and tRNA to mRNA codons
bases to RNA ensure that into the correct
nucleotide codons are amino acids.
bases. translated
correctly.
TWO STAGES OF PROTEIN
SYNTHESIS:
 TWO STAGES OF PROTEIN
1.Transcription
SYNTHESIS:
 Occurs inside the nucleus.
 First step in gene expression.
 DNA unzips through the help of enzymes
called RNA Polymerases.
 RNA Polymerases combine nucleotides
to form an RNA strand (using one of the
DNA strands as a template.)
 Process wherein the DNA sequence of a
gene is “rewritten” using RNA
 TWO STAGES OF PROTEIN
SYNTHESIS:
2. Translation

 The codes in the messenger RNA is

translated to a polypeptide that contains
specific series of amino acids.
3 Stages of Translation
1. Initiation
• Ribosome sandwiches the mRNA between
its small and large subunit to be translated.
• The first codon that will be read is AUG that
is called the start codon, and consequently
codes for the amino acid methionine.
 TWO STAGES OF PROTEIN
SYNTHESIS:
3 Stages of Translation
2. Elongation
• Amino acid chain gets longer.
• Messenger RNA reads one codon at a time.
• Amino acid corresponding each codon is added to a
growing chain.
3. Termination
- Last stage of translation.
- Finished polypeptide is released.
- It starts when a stop codon (UAG UAA UGA) is read by
the ribosome that stops translation. The polypeptide
produced in this stage will be process before it becomes
a functional protein.
mRNA Codon Chart
Start Codons:
AUG (starts the
translation
stage).
Stop Codons:
UAG, UGA, UAA
(stops the
translation
stage).

When the
ribosome reads
the start
codon, AUG, it
will present
the codons to
the tRNA for
translation
Directions: Study the figures carefully and read the captions
very well. Get a sheet of paper for your answers and observation.

1. What happens to the DNA

during transcription?
A.The DNA unzips.
B. The DNA does not unzip.

2. Which enzyme unzips the

DNA?
C. RNA polymerase
D.mRNA

3. What happens after the

DNA is unzipped?
E. The mRNA copies the DNA
template.
F. The mRNA connects the
DNA together.
Directions: Study the figures carefully and read the captions
very well. Get a sheet of paper for your answers and observation.

4. Why does the newly

synthesized mRNA go out of
the nucleus after
transcription?
A. The next phase in protein
synthesis occurs in the
cytoplasm particularly in the
ribosome.
B. The nucleus cannot
accommodate the newly
synthesized mRNA.

5. What happens after the

mRNA goes out of the
nucleus?
Directions: Study the figures carefully and read the captions
very well. Get a sheet of paper for your answers and observation.
6. What do you call the codes that are
carried by tRNA?
A. Anticodons
B. Codons

7. Translation is the process where

proteins are synthesized from the
codes in the mRNA. Which molecule is
carried by tRNA and corresponds to the
codons in mRNA?
C. Amino Acid
D. Glucose

8. Why does complementary pairing of

codons and anticodons occur during
translation?
E. This ensures that the amino acid
carried by tRNA corresponds to
codons.
Directions: Study the figures carefully and read the captions
very well. Get a sheet of paper for your answers and observation.

9. What happens during

elongation?
A.The messenger RNA reads
one codon at a time and the
amino acid chain gets longer.
B.The polypeptide is released
and forms a protein.

10. What is the product of

translation phase?
C.Carbohydrate
D.Protein
Directions: Study the figures carefully and read the captions
very well. Get a sheet of paper for your answers and observation.

9. What happens during

elongation?
A.The messenger RNA reads
one codon at a time and the
amino acid chain gets longer.
B.The polypeptide is released
and forms a protein.

10. What is the product of

translation phase?
C.Carbohydrate
D.Protein
Directions: The students will draw or create a comic trip or science
meme illustrating the process of protein synthesis that shows
replication, transcription, or translation. They can use humor, creative
characters, and engaging storylines to make the concepts more
Rubrics:
memorable.
• Accuracy (35 points)
- Correctly depicts the key steps of replication, transcription, and translation.
- Accurately portrays the roles of DNA, RNA, (mRNA, tRNA), ribosomes, enzymes, and
other relevant molecules.
• Creativity (30 points)
- Original and imaginative storyline.
- Engaging and memorable characters.
- Humorous elements that enhance understanding.
- Unique and creative visual presentation.
• Clarity (25 points)
• Clearly and concisely communicates the scientific concepts.
- Easy to understand for the reader.
- Labels or captions are used effectively to explain the processes.
• Presentation (20 points)
- Neat and organized presentation.
- Clear and legible drawing/handwriting/text.
- Creative use of color and space.
Comics Examples:
Science Meme Examples: