Lesson 1
INTRODUCTION
TESTING
A test is used to examine someone’s knowledge of something to
determine what that person knows or has learned. It measures the
level of skill or knowledge that has been reached. An evaluative
device or procedure in which a sample of an examinee’s behavior
in a specified domain is obtained and subsequently evaluated and
scored using a standardized process (The Standards for
Educational and Psychological Testing, 1999)
TEST
A method
Measuring
Person’s ability, knowledge, or performance
A given domain
Question
Find characteristics of a test?
Question
CHARACTERISTICS OF A TEST
1. Validity 5. Comprehensiveness
2. Reliability 6. Objectivity
3. Practicality 7. Simplicity
4. Administrability 8. Scorability
CHARACTERISTICS OF A TEST
1. Validity
A test is valid if it measures what we want it to measure and nothing
else.
Validity tells you how accurately a method measures something. If a
method measures what it claims to measure, and the results closely
correspond to real-world values, then it can be considered valid.
CHARACTERISTICS OF A TEST
1. Validity
Types Of Validity
-Construct Validity: Does the test measure the concept that it’s intended
to measure?
-Content Validity: Is the test fully representative of what it aims to
measure?
- Face Validity: Does the content of the test appear to be suitable to its
aims?
-Criterion-Related Validity: Do the results correspond to a different test
of the same thing?
CHARACTERISTICS OF A TEST
2. Reliability
A test is reliable if we get the same results repeatedly.
An “unreliable” test, on the other hand one’s score might fluctuate from
one administration to the other.
CHARACTERISTICS OF A TEST
2. Reliability
Several ways to measuring reliability
-Internal Consistency: assess the correlation between multiple items in
a test that are intended to measure the same construct.
-Test-retest Reliability: measure the consistency of results when you
repeat the same test on the same sample at a different point in time.
-Inter rater Reliability: measure the degree of agreement between
different people observing or assessing the same thing.
-Parallel-Forms: measure the correlation between two equivalent
versions of a test.
CHARACTERISTICS OF A TEST
3. Practicality
Practicality refers to the ease of administration and scoring of a test.
Five practical considerations of a test: ease of administration, time
required for administration, ease of interpretation and application,
availability of equivalent forms, cost of testing.
CHARACTERISTICS OF A TEST
4. Administrability
The test should directed uniformly to all students so that the scores
obtained will not vary due to factors other than differences of the
students’ knowledge and skills. There should a clear provision for
instruction for the students and the one who will check the test (having
clear directions and processes)
CHARACTERISTICS OF A TEST
5. Comprehensiveness
A test is said to have comprehensiveness if it
encompasses all aspects of a particular subject of study
CHARACTERISTICS OF A TEST
6. Objectivity
Objectivity represents the agreement of two or more
raters or a test administrator concerning the score of a
student. Not influenced by emotion or personal
prejudice. Lack of objectivity reduces test validity in the
same way that lack reliability influence validity.
CHARACTERISTICS OF A TEST
7. Simplicity
A test is said to be simple if it is easy to understand
along with the instructions and other details
CHARACTERISTICS OF A TEST
8. Scorability
The test should be easy to score, directions for scoring
is clear, provide the answer sheet and the answer key
ASSESSMENT
The word ‘assess’ comes from the Latin verb ‘assidere’
meaning ‘to sit with’.
In assessment one is supposed to sit with the learner.
This implies it is something we do ‘with’ and ‘for’
students and not ‘to’ students (Green, 1999)
Grade this apple on a scale of 1 (lowest) to 6 (highest)
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ASSESSMENT
Definition
Assessment is the process of documenting, usually in
measurable terms, knowledge, skill, attitudes, and
beliefs.
ASSESSMENT
Assessment in education is the process of gathering,
interpreting, recording, and using information about
pupils’ responses to an educational task. (Harlen, Gipps,
Broadfoot, Nuttal,1992)
ASSESSMENT
Assessment should:
1. Relate to regular performance
2. Gather from interdisciplinary sources
3. Consider all aspects of the student's life
ASSESSMENT
Purpose
• Gathers information to assist in decision making
•Screening
•Monitoring students' progress.
• Assigning grades or ranks
•Determining one's own instructional effectiveness.
•Clarifying teachers' instructional intentions
ASSESSMENT
Type of Assessment
• Formative
• Summative
ASSESSMENT
Formative assessment
• The goal of formative assessment is to monitor student
learning to provide ongoing feedback that can be used
by instructors to improve their teaching and by students
to improve their learning.
ASSESSMENT
Formative assessment
–help students identify their strengths and weaknesses
and target areas that need work
–help faculty recognize where students are struggling
and address problems immediately
ASSESSMENT
Summative assessment
• The goal of summative assessment is to evaluate
student learning at the end of an instructional unit by
comparing it against some standard or benchmark.
ASSESSMENT
Summative assessment
• Examples of summative assessments include:
–a midterm exam
–a final project
–a paper
–a senior recital
TESTING AND ASSESSMENT
TEST= is prepared administrative procedures that occurs at
identifiable times.
ASSESSMENT= is an ongoing process.
Example: -student responds to a question Assessed by
-offers a comment -teacher
-tries out a new word -himself
-tries out a structure -other students
-makes essay
-listens to recorder
TEACHING
-Teacher-students interaction
-Students must have the freedom to experiment
-Students try out their own hypotheses
-Freedom to practice their skills in a classroom without being formally
graded
-No teacher’s judgment in terms of their trials and errors
TEACHING
TEACHING=the opportunities for learners to listen, think, take
risk, set goals, process feedback from the teacher and then
recycle through the skills that they are trying to master.
TEST, ASSESSMENT &TEACHING
Tests
Assessment is an integral part of the teaching- learning
cycle.
In an interactive, communicative curriculum, assessment
AN is almost constant.
OVERALL Tests can provide authenticity, motivation, and feedback
to the learner.
SUMMARY
Tests are essential components of a successful curriculum
and learning process.
Assessments
- Periodic assessments can increase motivation as
milestones of student progress
- Appropriate assessments aid in the reinforcement and
retention of information.
AN -Assessments can confirm strength and pinpoint areas
needing further work.
OVERALL - Assessments provide a sense of periodic closure to
SUMMARY modules within a curriculum.
- Assessments promote student autonomy by encouraging
students’ self-evaluation of their progress.
-Assessment can aid in evaluating teaching effectiveness.
THE END
