SUBMITTED BY:-

NAND LAL GORIA

MSc.1st yr,SINPMS,BADAL

SUBMITTED TO:-
MR SANJAY GUPTA
ASST. PROFESSOR
SINPMS,BADAL

DEVELOPING LEARNING
RESOURCES MATERIAL
USING DIFFERENT MEDIA
 DEFINITION
LEARNING RESOURCE MATERIALS

“These are the tangible substances and

real objects that provide the audio and/or
visual component necessary for learning.”
 DEFINITION
LEARNING RESOURCE MATERIALS
“Tools or aids, includes both print and non
print media that are intended to
supplement, rather than replace, actual
teaching.”
 DEFINITION
INSTRUCTION MEDIA

“Media are physical means which are used

to send messages to the students and
stimulate them to learn.”
-Briggs (1970)
DEVELOPMENT OF LEARNING
RESOURCE MATERIAL
 DEVELOPMENT OF LEARNING
RESOURCE MATERIAL
• An important beginning to teaching any course,
class, or student, whether you're a professional
or amateur teacher.

• Provide a foundation for the skills and

knowledge to be taught and learned

• Provide a record or portfolio that your students

will be able to use for review at a later date.
 AIM FOR DEVELOPING LEARNING
RESOURCE MATERIAL

Provision of relaxed and welcoming

learning environment to learners and
teachers.
PURPOSES OF DEVELOPING LEARNING
RESOURCE MATERIAL
• Enhance and support the effectiveness of
the learning process.

• Provide guidance, materials, learning and

assessment activities

• Provide relevant information that address

the competencies/learning outcomes to be
achieved by the learner
TYPES OF LEARNING RESOURCE
MATERIALS
SELECTION OF LEARNING
RESOURCE MATERIALS

“LMAT”
L: Learner
M: Media
And
T: Task
(Frantz, 1980)
SELECTION OF LEARNING
RESOURCE MATERIALS
1. LEARNER
• Learning material should be based
on learner’s needs.

• Consider the learners’ perceptual

abilities, physical abilities, reading
abilities, motivational levels (locus of
control), developmental stages, and
learning styles.
 SELECTION OF LEARNING
RESOURCE MATERIALS
2. MEDIA
• There is a wide variety of media to enhance methods of
instruction.

• Non printed media include the full range of audio and visual
possibilities.
• No single medium is most effective.
• Therefore, the educator must be flexible, sometimes
combining a multimedia approach.
 SELECTION OF LEARNING
RESOURCE MATERIALS
2. MEDIA
• Vernon (1996) states six kinds of media
– Drawing or teacher mode drawings
– Still pictures
– Audio recording
– Motion picture and TV
– Real object, simulation and models
– Programmed and computer-assisted instruction
 SELECTION OF LEARNING
RESOURCE MATERIALS
3. TASK

• Task means predetermined behavioral

objectives.

• The task to be accomplished depends on

identification of the learning domain and the
complexity of behavior required by the task.
STEPS OF DEVELOPMENT
PROCESS OF LEARNING
RESOURCE MATERIALS
 Review curriculum

Pin down notes

Enlist possible teaching material

Budgeting

Selection of appropriate idea

Supply needed material

 Review curriculum

• On review, make notes on ideas for

teaching materials in order to teach the
skills and knowledge listed in the
curriculum or syllabus.

• Create the teaching materials that are

relevant to the curriculum or the syllabus
to teach.
Lets discuss about some
points need to be
considered for
developing learning
resource materials !!!!!
 1.
PRINTED MATERIALS
 I. WRITTEN MATERIALS
1. HANDOUTS:
A piece of printed information provided free of
charge, especially to accompany a lecture or
advertise something
 I. WRITTEN MATERIALS
2. LEAFLETS:
A small flat or folded sheet of printed matter,
as an advertisement or notice,
usually intended for free distribution
 I. WRITTEN MATERIALS
3. BOOKS:
A written or printed work consisting of pages
glued or sewn together along one side and
bound in covers.
 I. WRITTEN MATERIALS
4. PAMPHLETS:
A small booklet or
leaflet containing
information or
arguments about a
single subject
 I. WRITTEN MATERIALS
5. BROCHURES:
An advertising piece like small book or magazine
containing pictures and information about a product
or service.
 I. WRITTEN MATERIALS
7. INSTRUCTION SHEET:
Instruction sheets are clear and detailed information
on how to do something
 I. WRITTEN MATERIALS
ADVANTAGES:
• Used as reference for information when the
educator is not immediately present to answer
questions or clarify information.
• Widely used at all levels of society, so acceptable
and familiar to the public.
• Enormous varieties of materials are available
through commercial sources
• Easily obtainable, usually at relatively low cost, for
distribution by educators.
 I. WRITTEN MATERIALS
ADVANTAGES:
• They often come in convenient forms, such as
pamphlets, which are portable and usually contain
concise amounts of information.
• In recognition of significant cultural and ethnic
shifts in the general population, printed materials in
languages other than English, llike Spanish
• Content may also be altered to target specific
audiences.
 I. WRITTEN MATERIALS
DISADVANTAGES:
• The most abstract form of reality
• Possibilities for immediate feedback are limited
• The proper reading level is essential to realize their
full usefulness.
• A large percentage of materials are written at too
high a level for comprehension.
 I. WRITTEN MATERIALS
DISADVANTAGES:
• Learners with low literacy skills or those persons
who are visually or cognitively impaired may not be
able to take full advantage of written materials, and
illiteracy negates the use of printed materials
altogether.

Doak, et al. (1998) concluded that

individuals with low literacy skills
understand less healthcare advice and
are less likely to take timely actions to
 2.
DEMONSTRATION
MATERIALS
DEMONSTRATION MATERIALS
• All represent unique ways of
communicating messages to the learner.
• They stimulate the visual senses but can
combine the sense of sight with touch and
sometimes even smell and taste.
• The educator can choose one or more to
complement teaching efforts in reaching
predetermined objectives.
DEMONSTRATION MATERIALS
• Bring the learner closer to reality and
actively engage him or her in a visual

• Demonstration tools are useful for

cognitive, affective, and psychomotor skill
development.
ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES
 3.
AUDIO VISUAL
MATERIALS
 AUDIO VISUAL MATERIALS
• Audiovisual materials support and enrich
the educational process by stimulating the
learner’s visual and auditory senses,
• They are exceptional aids because many
can influence all three domains of learning
• They increase retention of information
• It is extremely costly, in terms of time and money
 AUDIO VISUAL MATERIALS
Three issues (Smith, 1987) must be addressed
1. Technical feasibility:
technical expertise, professional and repair
service support, equipment fit and replacement
2. Economic feasibility
budgetary allowance and justification of cost
3. Social/political acceptability
learner’s willingness to use, impersonality of
machines, acceptance by institutional
administrations
I.Projected learning resources

Slides, overhead transparencies, and

computer outputs and video that
can be projected on a screen.
I.Projected learning resources
• Overhead transparency:
– Use of contrast colors
– Diagrams and figures can readily be photocopied
and made into transparencies.
– Multiple transparencies can be overlaid to
illustrate changes in the content of teaching
material.
– Need both specialized equipment for projection
and the support of verbal feedback
ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES
 II. Audio learning resources
• Audiotapes, compact discs (CDs), and radio
used to relay many different types of
messages
• help learners who benefit from repetition and
reinforcement
• well suited for those who enjoy or prefer
auditory learning.
 II. Audio learning resources
– Compact discs
• replaced traditional vinyl record albums and in many
instances is rapidly replacing traditional audiotapes
• The major advantage of CDs is their superior fidelity,
which does not deteriorate over time.
ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES
 III. Video learning resources
• one of the major nonprint media tools for enhancing
patient/family, staff, and student education because
tapes can be simultaneously entertaining and
educational.

• Today, DVDs are being used to integrate PowerPoint

slides and video images for classroom presentations
• Good means to promote discussion because they
can capture real-life situations.
ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES
 IV. Telecommunication learning
resources
Telecommunications is a means by which
information can be transmitted via electrical
energy from one place to another in a sense that
is meaningful for the person receiving it.
SATELLITE
BROADCASTING TELEPHONE

TELEVISION AUDIO AND VIDEO

TELECONFERENCING
DEVICES
 IV. Telecommunication learning
resources
• Allow the messages to be sent to many people at the same
time in a variety of places at great distances.
• Satellite broadcasting can reach far more distant locations,
and a number of programs can be carried at any one time
• Many hospitals and healthcare agencies have already
established hot-line consumer information centers
ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES
 V. Computer learning resources

• Computer:
– store large amounts of information
– designed to display pictures, graphics, and text.
• computer assisted instruction (CAI) promotes
learning in primarily the cognitive domain
• Growth of the Internet has opened new doors for
learners to gain access to libraries and to direct
learning experiences
ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES
 “Research
indicates that the
use of audiovisual
aids does, indeed,
facilitate
learning”

(Haggard, 1989, Rankin

 IMPORTANCE OF
INSTRUCTIONAL MEDIA IN
NURSING EDUCATION
 IMPORTANCE
• Help the nurse educator to deliver a
message creatively and clearly

• Multimedia approach assist learners in

gaining increased awareness and skills as
well as retaining more effectively what
they learn (Rankin & Stallings, 2001)

• Stimulates the learner’s bodily senses.

 IMPORTANCE
• Help clarify abstract or
complex concepts.

• Add variety to the teaching

and learning experiences
(Babcock & Miller, 1994)

• Reinforcing learning

• Potentially bring realism to

the experience
 IMPORTANCE
• Saving time and energy on the part of both
the teacher and the learner.
 BARRIERS IN DEVELOPING
LEARNING RESOURCE MATERIAL
• Lack of systematic programme planning in
large scale
• Low budget allocation
• Inadequate training for teachers and
facilitators
• Selection system of teachers
• Community mobilization plans for resource
generation at the local level.
SUMMARY