‫الجامعة السعودية االلكترونية‬

‫الجامعة السعودية االلكترونية‬

‫‪26/12/2021‬‬
College of Computing and
Informatics
Data Science Pre-Master Program
SCI 101
General Physics I
SCI 101 General Physics
Chapter 4 (Week 4)
Motion in Two Dimension
 Lecture Outlines
4.0 Motion in Two Dimensions
4.1 Position, velocity and acceleration
4.2 Two dimensional motion with constant acceleration
4.3 Projectile Motion
4.4 Analysis Model: Particle in Uniform Circular Motion
Weekly Learning Outcomes

 Recall Vectors and their properties

 Describe Position, Velocity, and Acceleration Vectors
 Differentiate between displacement and distance, velocity and
speed
 Analyze projectile motion and calculation of related physical
quantities
 Analyze uniform circular motion and calculation of centripetal
acceleration
Required Reading
Chapter 4 : Motion in Two Dimensions in in Physics for
scientists and engineers with modern physics

Recommended Reading
Chapter 4 : Motion in two and three dimensions in
Principles of Physics, 10th Edition. John Wiley & Sons
 Recommended Video
 Projectile Motion
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8NLzuURxFwY

This Presentation is mainly dependent on the textbook: Data Structures and Algorithm Analysis in Java by Mark Allen Weiss
Motion in Two Dimension
Section 4.0
 Motion in Two Dimension

 Vectors can be implemented to study motion in two dimensions

 Two important types of two dimensional motions are
- Projectile motion such as throwing baseball
- Circular motion such as the motion of planet around the sun
Position, velocity and acceleration
Section 4.1
 Position and Displacement

 We can measure position from the origin of coordinate system

 Displacement vector is difference of two position vectors
 Position and Displacement

Position vectors depend on the origin

of a coordinate system, but
displacement vector does not
 Position and Displacement


Change in position vector is displacement


We can rewrite this as:

Or express it in terms of changes in each coordinate:

 Average Velocity and Instantaneous Velocity

Average velocity is a displacement divided by its time interval

We can write this in component form:
 Average Velocity and Instantaneous Velocity

Example :
What is the average velocity of a particle moving through displacement
(12 m)i + (3.0 m)k in 2.0 s ?
 Average Velocity and Instantaneous Velocity

Instantaneous velocity is defined as the velocity of a particle at a single
point in time


The limit of avg. velocity as the time interval shrinks to 0

Visualize displacement and instantaneous velocity

 Average Velocity and Instantaneous Velocity

The direction of instantaneous velocity of a particle is always tangent
to the particle's path at the particle’s position


In unit-vector notation:


A velocity vector shows direction and magnitude
 Average Velocity and Instantaneous Velocity

Average acceleration is defined as change in velocity divided by its
time interval


Instantaneous acceleration is acceleration at a given moment
 Average Velocity and Instantaneous Velocity
 Acceleration in unit-vector form


To get the components of acceleration, we differentiate the components
of velocity with respect to time
Two Dimension Motion With Constant Acceleration
Section 4.2
 Motion with Constant Acceleration

 Trajectory for projectile motion lies in the plane formed by the initial
velocity vector and the acceleration vector
 Position and velocity for constant acceleration are given respectively by
 Motion with Constant Acceleration

Example : A particle moves in the xy plane, starting from the origin at t = 0

with an initial velocity having an x component of 20 m/s and a y component
of -15 m/s. The particle experiences an acceleration in the x direction only,
given by ax = 4.0 m/s2
(A) Determine the total velocity vector at any later time.
Motion with Constant Acceleration

, , , ,

=?
=+t
=+t
=+t
=+
+
-m/s
 Motion with Constant Acceleration

(B) Calculate the velocity of the particle at t=5.0 s and the angle the
velocity vector makes with the x-axis
 Motion with Constant Acceleration

(C) Evaluate the speed of the particle at t=5.0 s

Projectile Motion
Section 4.3
 Projectile Motion
Projectile:
 Object moving with the acceleration of
gravity
 Path lies in a plane
 x-component of the velocity is
constant
 y-component is found using equations
for constant acceleration
 Projectile is launched with initial
speed v0 at an angle θ0.
 Projectile Motion

A projectile is a particle moving in the vertical plane with some initial
velocity whose acceleration is always free-fall acceleration (g)

The motion of a projectile is projectile motion launched with an initial
velocity v0

where


In projectile motion, the horizontal motion and the vertical motion are
independent of each other, that is neither motion affects the other
 Projectile Motion

Horizontal motion: No acceleration, so velocity is constant:


Vertical motion: Acceleration is always -g:
 Projectile Motion

Horizontal range

The distance the projectile travels in x by the time it returns to its initial
height


The Horizontal range R is maximum when the launch angle is 45 

The maximum height of an object in projectile motion is given by
 Range Vs Angle of projection

A projectile launched over a flat surface from the origin with an initial speed of 50 m/s at various angle
of projection
 Range Vs Angle of projection
Example : A long jumper leaves the ground at an angle of above the
horizontal and at a speed of 11.00 m/s.
(A)How far he jump in the horizontal direction?

(B) What is the maximum height reached by the jumper ?

 Range Vs Angle of projection
Example :
A stone is thrown from the top of a building upward at an angle of 30.0
degrees to the horizontal with an initial speed of 20.0 m/s as shown in Figure
4.14. The height from which the stone is thrown is 45.0 m above the ground.
(A)How long does it take the stone to reach the ground?
= 45 m, y=0 , =20 m/s, a=-g, =, t=?

= SinSin

y=+t+ a

0 = + t + (-9.8) Figure 4.14 A stone is thrown

from the top of a building
 Range Vs Angle of projection

4.9 - 10 t - 45 = 0

t=

If we ignore the negative solution we get the following value of t :

t = 4.22 s
 Range Vs Angle of projection

(B) What is the speed of the stone just before it strikes the ground?
=

= 4.22 = -31.3

Recall also that = Cos = 17.3

= + t = 17.3 + 0 = 17.3
 Range Vs Angle of projection

Therefore, - ) m/s

Speed = = =
Analysis Model: Particle in Uniform Circular Motion
Section 4.4
 Uniform Circular Motion


A particle is in uniform circular motion if it
travels around a circle or circular arc at a constant
speed

Since the velocity changes, the particle is
accelerating!

Velocity and acceleration have constant magnitude
and changing direction
 Uniform Circular Motion

Acceleration of a particle undergoing uniform circular motion is called
centripetal acceleration Means “center seeking”


The acceleration is directed radially inward

The period of revolution is the time it takes for the particle to go around
the closed path exactly once

2𝜋
 𝜔=
Angular speed of the particle is peed of
𝑇
 Uniform Circular Motion

Example :
What is the angular velocity of a particle in a circular orbit, rotating at the rate
of 200 times per minute?
peed of 60
T 0.3s
the particle is 200
2 2
   20.93rad / s
T 0.3
Thank
You