Knowledge Based System Lecture 2
Knowledge Based System Lecture 2
SYSTEM
LECTURE 2
BY Farah Naz Anika
Data
• Data and artificial intelligence have a synergistic relationship. AI requires
a massive scale of data to learn and improve decision-making processes
and big data analytics leverages AI for better data analysis.
• AI's Ability to Process and Analyze Data
• Data Processing: AI systems can process enormous amounts of data far
more efficiently than humans. This ability allows organizations to gain
insights from big data, which would otherwise be impossible to analyze
manually.
• Real-Time Analysis: AI can analyze data in real time, enabling
applications like recommendation systems (e.g., Netflix, Amazon) and
predictive analytics (e.g., stock market forecasts, medical diagnoses).
Continues…
• 1. AI Enhancing Data Utilization
• Pattern Recognition: AI excels at recognizing patterns in data. This
capability is used in various applications, such as fraud detection,
image recognition, and natural language processing (NLP).
• Predictive Analytics: By learning from historical data, AI systems can
predict future trends, customer behavior, or even product demand,
helping businesses make data-driven decisions.
Contiunes…
• 4. AI Requires Continuous Data
• Learning and Adaptation: AI models need continuous data input to
improve over time. This concept is called "model retraining," where
new data helps the AI adapt to changing conditions or new
information.
• Feedback Loop: Many AI applications, such as chatbots and
recommendation engines, use user interactions as new data to refine
their algorithms and improve performance.
Information
• The relationship between AI (Artificial Intelligence) and information can be
explained conceptually by examining how AI relies on information to function
and, in turn, transforms information to deliver valuable insights, predictions, and
automation.
• AI as a Processor of Information
• Concept: At its core, AI is designed to process information. Information can be
structured data (like numbers, tables, or categories) or unstructured data (like
text, images, or videos). AI models use this input information to generate
outputs such as predictions, classifications, or decisions.
• Example: In a weather forecasting system, AI takes in historical weather data
(temperature, humidity, wind speed) and processes this information to predict
future weather conditions.
Information Feedback Loops in
AI
• Concept: Many AI systems operate in feedback loops, where the
information output by the AI feeds back into the system as new input.
This loop allows AI to refine its processes and become more accurate
over time.
• Example: AI-powered recommendation engines, such as those used
by Amazon or Netflix, continuously gather user interaction data
(clicks, views, ratings) and use this information to improve future
recommendations.
knowledge
• In the context of Artificial Intelligence (AI), knowledge refers to the information,
facts, rules, and insights that AI systems acquire, process, and utilize to perform
tasks, solve problems, and make decisions. Knowledge is a foundational aspect
of AI, enabling it to simulate human intelligence and behavior.
• Logical Representation
• Description: AI systems use formal logic (propositional or predicate logic) to
represent facts and rules. This representation allows for precise reasoning.
• Example: “If it rains, the ground will be wet” can be represented as "Rain →
WetGround."
• Use in AI: Logical representation is often used in rule-based systems and expert
systems for clear, rule-driven decision-making.
Semantic Networks
• 3. Reinforcement Learning
• In reinforcement learning, an AI agent interacts with an environment
and learns to perform tasks by receiving feedback in the form of
rewards or penalties. The agent tries to maximize the cumulative
reward by learning from the consequences of its actions.
Example:
• Real-Life Example: Self-Driving Cars
• A great example of reinforcement learning is self-driving cars. The AI controlling the
car learns to navigate and drive by interacting with the environment, which includes
other cars, pedestrians, traffic lights, and road signs.
• Input: The environment, including sensor data like camera feeds, radar, and GPS.
• Output: The car's actions, such as steering, accelerating, or braking.
• Learning Process: The car receives feedback (rewards or penalties) based on its
actions. For example, successfully stopping at a red light might yield a positive reward,
while causing an accident might result in a penalty. The AI learns which actions
maximize safe driving and minimizes risks or penalties.
• Outcome: Over time, the self-driving car improves its driving performance, making
better decisions based on its previous experiences.