Sport Science Knowledge- Reducing the risk of sports injuries- different factors influencing the risk of injury

Name the 1. Type of activity (contact or non-contact

Define risk Likelihood of a What is an Risks or factors 5 extrinsic sports)
hazard causing extrinsic risk from outside risk 2. Coaching/supervision
harm. factor? the body factors
3. Environmental factors
4. Equipment
5. Safety Hazards
How can 1) Protective How can Incorrect How can Contact sports How can Factors How can 1) Risk
Equipme equipment is Coaching coaching Type of present different Environme include: Safety assessments
nt needed to / techniques, activity injury risks and ntal factors *Weather hazards 2) Safety
influence prevent injury supervisi ineffective influence are more influence the e.g. too hot= influence the checks e.g.
the risk of (examples on communicatio the risk of dangerous than risk of heat risk of injury of equipment
injury (3)? below) influence n skills and injury? non-contact injury? exhaustion, (3)? 3)
2) Performance the risk of not adhering sports e.g. dehydration Emergency
equipment is injury? to rules can rugby compared or heat action plans
needed to cause a to swimming stroke. (EAP)
play a sport performer to *Playing -will all
e.g. hockey injure surface e.g. minimise risk
stick, cricket themselves too wet= of injury
ball
player could
3) Suitable
slip on wet
clothing and
surface.
footwear e.g.
*Other
specific to
participants.
sport

Give 3 1. Cricket Helmet to Name and 1) Hypothermia: dangerous What is the 1. Safety- evaluate chances of
sports protect the head describe 4 drop in body temperature purpose of injuries
examples when a player is health risks 2) Heat exhaustion: Fatigue
a risk 2. Checking- Check hazards
of batting. linked to resulting from exposure
Environmental to high temperatures assessment 3. Actions- measures taken to
protectiv 2. Shin guards in football
e to protect football risk factors 3) Dehydration: reduction in ? avoid injury
equipme players lower legs. amount of water in the 4. Hazards- assessed as low/
nt and 3. Gum shields for body medium/ high
4) Heatstroke: in high
their use? Rugby players to
temperatures can cause
protect the mouth
fever and Define a Something that can cause
(teeth, gums) during
unconsciousness hazard? harm.
high impact contact.
Sport Science Knowledge- Reducing the risk of sports injuries- different factors influencing the risk of injury
1. Physical Preparation
What is an intrinsic Risks or factors
Name the 5 2. Individual variables (age, gender, flexibility)
risk factor? from within the
intrinsic risk 3. Psychological factors
body.
factors 4. Posture and causes of poor posture
5. Sports injuries related to poor posture

How can 1) Training How can 1) Age: older age more How Mental factors-can How can 1) Poor stance/ gait How can Postural
Physical 2) Warm up Individu injury prone can affect a performer Posture e.g. hunched Sports misalignme
Preparati 3) Cool down al 2) Flexibility: more Psych positively and and shoulders injuries nts can
on 4) Overuse- variable flexible= less chance of ologic negatively e.g. causes 2) Poor Sitting related increase risk
influence chronic s injury al 1) Motivation. Over of poor positions e.g. to poor of injury e.g.
the risk of injuries influence 3) Nutrition: poor factor motivation- posture slouching posture
injury? caused by the risk nutrition can cause s performer can influenc 3) Physical defects influenc -Pelvic tilt
repetitive of injury? fatigue and influen become reckless e the e.g. weakened e the -Lordosis
movements dehydration= lose focus/ ce the 2) Aggression risk of muscles around an risk of -Kyphosis
which concentration risk of 3) Arousal/ Anxiety injury? injured area injury? -Round
damage 4) Sleep: lack of sleep= injury? levels- negative 4) Lack of exercise shoulder
tendons and poor decision making emotional state of e.g. being (shoulders
ligaments 5) Gender: what may be worry causing overweight= strain hunched
5) Muscle suitable for females may performer to on posture forwards)
imbalance- not be for males (+ vice become 5) Fatigue- tired -Scoliosis
one muscle versa) unfocussed. muscles unable to
more 6) Previous/ recurring support skeleton
powerful injuries: increased 6) Emotional factors
than the chance of injuring 7) Clothing/
other themselves again Describe what
footwear: e.g.Excessive
high forward or inward
lordosis isheels
and the curving of the lower back/ spine.
affect posture
impact it can have Impact= back pain
The femur is Thigh bone
Describe what Excessive backward or outward
What is the role Attach muscles to kyphosis is and the curvature of the upper part of the
of tendons? bone impact it can have spine Impact= back pain
The pelvis is Large bone
attached to the
backbone and What is the role Attach bone to
of ligaments? bone Describe what Condition where the spine is
forming the hip
scoliosis is and the visibly curved to the side, giving
joint with the
legs impact it can have an ‘S’ or ‘C’ shape. Impact= back
pain.
Sport Science Knowledge- Reducing the risk of sports injuries- how appropriate warm up and cool down routines can help to prevent injury.

Warm up
Cool
Physical benefits of a warm up include:
down
- warming up muscles/preparing the body for physical activity Physical benefits of a cool down include:
- increase in body temperature
- helps the body’s transition back to a resting state
- increase in flexibility of muscles and joints= decrease risk of injury
- increase in pliability of ligaments and tendons - gradually lowers heart rate
- increase in heart rate and/ or breathing rate= increase in O 2 to working muscles - gradually lowers temperature
- increase speed of muscle contraction - circulates blood and oxygen
- increase in blood flow and oxygen to muscles - reduces breathing rate
- Help delay muscle fatigue and build up of lactic acid - removes waste products e.g. lactic acid
- reduces the risk of muscle soreness and stiffness
4 Psychological - heighten or control arousal levels -‘get in the zone’ or - aids recovery by stretching muscles, i.e. lengthening and
benefits of a warm up settle nerves. strengthening muscles for next work-out/use
include: - improve concentration/focus e.g. not reckless
- increase motivation/ drive
- mental rehearsal/ preparation e.g. use correct
technique
2 Key 1) Pulse lowering, i.e. exercises which
components of a gradually lower heart rate and reduce
5 key components of a warm up:
cool down: temperature (e.g. easy movements,
1) Pulse raising- exercises that slowly increase heart rate and body temperature light running, stretching)
(e.g. jogging, cycling, skipping) 2) Stretching, e.g. hamstring
2) Mobility- exercises that take the joints through their full range of movement
stretches, lunges, open and close
(ROM) (e.g. arm swings, hip circles)
3) Dynamic movements (e.g. change of speed and direction) gates
4) Stretching (e.g. developmental stretches, dynamic stretches linked to sport –
‘open and close the gate’ groin walk)
5) Skill rehearsal phase, i.e. using common movement patterns to be used in
activity (e.g. dribbling drills for football, passing drills for netball)

The specific needs - characteristics of the individual/group, i.e.

which a warm up and - Group size e.g. too big? May need more staff.
cool down must - age of participants
consider include… - experience of participants e.g. set at right level for ability of group
- individual fitness levels
- Individual medical conditions
- suitability for a particular activity/sport
- environmental factors (e.g. weather/temperature if outdoors, available facilities).
 Sport Science Knowledge - Reducing the risk of sports injuries- How to respond to injuries within a sporting context.
Injuries in sports are Acute injuries and Chronic injuries LO3
1 Describe Soft tissue Damage to muscles, ligaments or tendons
1
usually divided into 2 0 injuries: e.g. sprains, strains
types, they are: State the difference Strain: Injuries to muscles e.g, pulled
1
2 Describe an acute injury: Happen quickly and caused by sudden between a Strain injury muscle
1
trauma to the body e.g. hard rugby tackle, and a Sprain injury: Sprain: Injuries to ligaments e.g. twisted
hit by ball ankle
3 What do acute injuries Immediate pain, usually swelling with a loss 1 Describe a fracture: Partial or complete break in a bone. 2 main
usually result in? of function 2 types: open and closed

Give examples of types of Soft tissue injuries (sprains/ Strains) 1 Describe a Closed Broken bone with no break in the skin.
4 fracture:
acute injuries: Fractures (open or closed) 3
Concussion e.g. clash of heads in football 1 Describe an Open Broken bone in which the skin is also
Cuts- abrasions/ grazes 4 fracture? broken, exposing the bone.
Contusions-bruises
Cramp 1 Describe a Concussion Injury in which the brain is shaken inside
Blisters 5 the skull e.g. head collision to another
Describe a chronic injury. Aka Overuse injuries and are a result of person or object.
5 Give symptoms and Symptoms: dizziness, nausea, vomiting,
continuous/ excessive stress on an area. 1
Tend to develop over time, Inflammation 6 treatments of concussion memory loss, loss of balance, headaches
and painful Treatment: requires medical assistance.
Give examples of types of e.g. hitting a tennis/ golf ball repeatedly= Temporary relief- cold compress applied to
6 head.
chronic injuries: tennis elbow/ golfers elbow
Achilles tendonitis 1 Describe Abrasion: Surface damage to the skin e.g. grazes
Shin splints 7 (skin scraped away) and cuts
Injuries related to children: Severs disease, 1 Describe Contusion: A bruise to a part of the body.
Osgood Schlatter’s disease 8
Injuries related to poor posture- round
shoulders etc 1 Describe Blisters: Bubbles of fluid under the skin caused by
Describe the overuse Pain in the shins or the front of the lower 9 friction.
7
injury- Shin splints: leg bone (tibia), usually caused by exercise. Describe Cramp: Painful sensations caused my involuntary
2
0 muscle contraction. Often caused by
8 Describe the overuse Tendon injury due to repetitive actions such excessive exercise or poor hydration
injury- Tennis elbow: as tennis strokes. 2 Describe Sever’s disease Heel pain caused by an inflamed growth
1 (injury related to children): plate.
9 Describe the overuse Chronic injury to tendons e.g. Achilles
2 Describe Osgood- Knee pain caused by growth spurts.
injury- Tendonitis: tendonitis, tennis elbow, etc
 Sport Science Knowledge - Reducing the risk of sports injuries- How to respond to injuries within a sporting context.
LO3
1 One way to respond See: did you see injury occur? Ice therapy can Reducing pain and swelling. Apply
3
to injuries is Ask: ask player what happened? manage sports for 15-20 mins every 2-3hours.
SALTAPS, describe Look: at injury/ compare to other limbs injuries by:
this on-field Touch: feel for tenderness Heat treatment can Reducing pain and stiffness,
4
assessment routine Active: can player move injured area? manage sports increasing blood flow to the area
Passive: coach to see if they can move injured injuries by: which promotes healing.
area What is an Written document identifying what
5
Strength: can player hold their weight on it? Emergency Action action to take in the event of an
Plan (EAP)? emergency at a sporting event.
2 The 2nd way to Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation - treatment for
6 List the 3 main 1. Emergency personnel
respond to injuries is acute soft tissue injuries to reduce swelling,
components of an 2. Emergency communication
R.I.C.E, describe this ease pain and prevent further damage for acute
emergency Action 3. Emergency equipment
process: but less serious injuries to soft tissues.
Plan (EAP)
- Increases blood flow to affected body part and 7 Define emergency People who are responsible in a
3 Stretching and
personnel in a EAP: emergency e.g. first responders,
massage response increases flexibility
- Relaxes muscles and relieve tension first aider, coach
to sports injury:
- Manages pain and DOMS 8 Define emergency Details of whom to contact in an
communication in a emergency e.g. telephone,
What can be used to Taping and strapping- reduce pain EAP? emergency services 999 and
4
support weak or Bandaging- prevents swelling and decrease location of nearest phone.
injured muscles and blood flow to the injured area. Can reduce pain 9 Define emergency Equipment required in an
joints? keeps area immobilised equipment in a EAP? emergency situation e.g. first aid
kits, evacuation chair, defibrilator
5 Describe a Splint as Plastic or fibreglass support for acute limb
a treatment method fractures and sprains e.g. fractured arm

6 Describe a Sling as a Support, usually of folded cloth, to immobilise

treatment method: and rest the injured limb (injured elbow)
 Sport Science Knowledge- Reducing the risk of sports injuries- How to respond to common medical conditions. LO4

1 Describe the common

Lung condition that causes occasional 8 The term used for Hypoglycaemia
medical condition-
breathing difficulties a diabetic having
asthma:
low blood sugar
2​ Identify the 6 symptoms 1. Breathlessness is…
of asthma: 2. Wheezing /
3. Tightness in the chest 9 Describe the Condition causing abnormal brain
4. Coughing common medical activity leading to seizures.
5. Pale / clammy (skin) condition-
6. (Severe) grey / blue lips epilepsy:

3 How would you treat an • Inhaler OR pump 10 Identify the 6 1. Fitting / seizures / shaking
asthma attack? • Reassure/ Stay calm symptoms of 2. Rigidity / muscle stiffness
• Sit them down OR sit upright epilepsy 3. Tingling / pins and needles
• Provide a caffeinated beverage (helps to 4. Eyes rolling to back of head
open airways) 5. Loss of consciousness
• Move them away from the trigger (dust / 6. Foaming at mouth
smoke) 11 How would you • Emergency/ Individual care plan in
• Emergency services (if needed) treat an epileptic place
4 Describe the common Condition in which blood sugar levels are seizure? • Make the area safe
medical condition- unregulated by the body. • Remove harmful objects
diabetes: • Cushion head (with pillow)
• Let them fit
5 Compare the two types of Type 1 Type 2 • Don’t restrain or hold them down
diabetes: Insulin-dependent Insulin resistant diabetes • Put them in the recovery position
diabetes - managed through careful after the fit has finished
- requires insulin dietary control. • Anti- epileptic drugs (AEDs)
injections.
12 How to respond to • Ensure awareness of any
6 Identify the 4 symptoms 1. Increased thirst / hunger these common participants’ medical conditions
of diabetes: 2. Going to the toilet lots medical before starting physical activity
3. Weight loss / gain conditions:
4. Extreme tiredness
12 When should • Loss of consciousness or an obvious
7 How would you treat a • Give them sugar e.g. fruit juice/ sweets / someone refer the concussion
diabetic episode? chocolate performer to a • Potential or suspected fractures
• Give insulin (for Type 1) professional? • Recurring injury
• Lifestyle changes (for Type 2) / glucose • Severe or considerable pain