WEEK 5

21ST CENTURY LITERATURE

MCA Montessori School, Inc. “MODULE 1 WEEK 1” 1 1

 CH APT ER 2
WE EK 5
Major Genres of the 21St

Century Philippine National

E D I T E D B Y: M R . J LAiYt eRrIaCt uSr. eB E N D I C I O L P T.

• the art of literature is not being
described by the words and
language used as tool for writing
alone but also in relation to the
form, content and author’s choice of
style.
• Genre refers to the art used by
literary authors to categorize a
certain literary composition.
• It may be determined by literary
technique, tone, content and length
Poetry
•it is literary type written in
verses that make up stanzas.
• It consists of a language with a strong musical
quality in which words are highly-charged with
meaning.
• It is written in lines which are grouped into
stanzas.
• It contains measures rhyming or sound pattern
and tone.
• Different classes of poetry are meant to be
recited in order to reveal its sound patterns
and
Elements of
Poetry
1.Sense – It is revealed through
words, images and symbols.

• Diction. This refers to the denotative and

connotative meanings of the lines in poetry.
• Images and Sense Impressions. These
refer to the choice of words used to create
sensory images which appeal to the readers’
senses.
Elements of
Poetry
2. Sound- It refers to the creative
use of words by the poets to
imitate sounds.
• Rhythm
This is the order alteration of strong and
weak elements in the flow of sound and silence.
• Meter
This refers to the duration, stress, or number
of syllables per line.
• Rhyme Scheme
This is the formal arrangement of rhymes in
a stanza of the whole poem.
Elements of
Poetry
3.Structure- It refers to the arrangement
of words and lines to fit together and the
organization of the parts from the whole.

• Word Order
This is the natural arrangement of words in each
verse.
• Punctuation
This is the use of punctuation marks to clearly
indicate emotion.
• Shape
This refers to the poet’s choice of contextual and
Elements of
Poetry
4. Tone- It refers to the poet’s or speaker’s
attitude toward the subject, toward the
reader, or toward himself.

5. Voice- it refers to the

speaking persona in poetry
where specific characters are not
indicated as the speaker.
Classes of Poetry

1. Lyric Poetry
This kind of poetry which
expresses emotions, mood and
reflection of the musical language
of the poet.
It is short, simple, and easy to
understand.
It is characterized subjectivity and
the powerful use of imagination in
 a.Ode- majestic type of lyric poetry
with expression of enthusiasm and
dignity to someone loved.
b. Elegy- lyric poem with the subject
matter of death.
c. Song- intended primarily to be
sung and has the particular
melodious quality required by the
singing voice.
Classes of Poetry

2. Narrative Poetry
This is a long descriptive
poem that narrates a story in a
sequential order about life and
events that may be real or
imaginary.
 a.Epic
This is a long narrative poem that tells stories
about life, quests and adventures of a
supernatural hero.
b. Ballad
this is a form of a narrative poetry that is
considered to be the simplest and shortest
form.
•About the Author and
Background
 Fiction
This refers to any imaginative fact and idea of
life.
The characters and settings are purely works
of the author’s mind and may or may not
happen in real life.
However, themes and conflicts raised in some
stories are similar in real
Types of Fiction
a.Chick lit
It is a type of fiction which
addresses issues of modern
womanhood, often humorously and
light-heartedly.
Types of Fiction
b. Flash Fiction
it is a style of fictional
literature of extreme brevity.
Types of Fiction
c. Speculative Fiction
it is an umbrella term
encompassing the more fantastical
fiction genres, specifically science
fiction, fantasy, horror, weird fiction
supernatural fiction, etc.
Types of Fiction
d. Novel
This is a lengthy narrative
story separated into series of
chapters.
 Short Story
it is short narrative story which focuses on a
single plot and characterized by its different
elements.
The Elements of a short story
1.Setting
This refers to the time, place and condition in which the
story takes place.
2 Characters
These are the persons, animal or things moving around the
plot of the story.

Two Major Types of Characters

• Protagonist- this refers to the main character in the story.
He/she is the hero or heroine of the story.
• Antagonist- He/she is the villain who opposes the main
character in the story.
The Elements of a short story
3.Plot
This refers to the series of actions and events happening in
the story.
Five Parts of the Plot
4.Exposition- sets the mood of the story wherein characters,
setting and background are being introduced.
5.Rising action- It is the part of the plot that marks the
onset of the major conflict in the story.
6.Climax- this is the part that builds the highest tension and
considered to be the story’s highest point of interest.
7.Falling Action- the revelation and realization of the
characters leading to the resolution of the story’s
main conflict.
8.Denouement- this is the final resolution and outcome of
the story.
The Elements of a short story
4.Conflict
This refers to the struggle of complication involving
the characters of the story.
Types of Conflict
Man vs. Man
Man vs. Himself
Man vs. Nature
Man vs. Society
Man vs. Technology
The Elements of a short story
5.Point of View
This pertains to the voice used by the writer a
narrator of the story and how it was seen or told.

Three Points of View

• Omniscient
The author allows the inner thoughts and feeling of
the main characters to be presented in the text.
• First Person Point of View
The author is one observing and speaking in the
story.
He can be the one of the characters or the one
portraying his own identity.
• Third person or Limited point of View
The author chooses a character as a narrator who will
be the central observer and detects action inside the story.
The Elements of a short story
6. Mood
This refers to the atmosphere and tone of the story.
7. Theme
This pertains to the central idea which conveys
truths and values according to the author’s purpose and
perspective on the human’s experience.
8. Symbols
These are the images and objects used in the story to
stand for something other than themselves.
•About the Author and
Background
 Read a story entitled “Love in the Cornhusks”
By Aida Rivera Ford
 Creative Nonfi ction
• It is expository in nature that deals with
facts and reality which aims to explain a
theory, idea and a point of view.
•It refers to a genre of writing that uses
literary styles and techniques to create
factually accurate narrative.
•In contrasts with other nonfiction, such as
technical writing or journalism, which I also
rooted in accurate
fact, but is not primarily written in service
to its craft.
 Creative Nonfi ction
Examples:
1. Autobiography
This is the story of a person’s life written by himself from
his own point of view according to his personal style.
In its pure form, it is written from a person’s memory of his
past.
2. Biography
This is a story of life of a real person written by someone
else
3. Essay
This is a piece of writing which is often written form an
author’s personal point of view.
Literary devices in Literature
Literary devices in Literature
Literary devices in Literature
Literary devices in Literature
Literary devices in Literature
Literary devices in Literature
•About the Author and
Background
Read a poem entitled “Testimony”
By Maningning Miclat
 Drama
•Drama is a story written which is intended
to be performed and resented on stage.
•It is an art if imitating human characters
and actions.
•The actors impersonate the characters in
particular incident or event in the story.
•Early drama was usually written in poetic
form, while the modern and contemporary
drama is usually written in prose.
Genres of Drama
Elements of Drama
Elements of Drama
•About the Author and
Background
Read a playwright entitled “The World is an
Apple”
By Alberto S. Florentino
Thank
You