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TCP Protocol

The document provides an overview of the Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP), which is essential for communication over the Internet, detailing its layers and protocols. It explains the functions of the Application, Transport, Internet, and Link layers, highlighting key protocols such as TCP, UDP, and IP. Additionally, it discusses the roles of various application protocols and the importance of reliable data delivery and network management.

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13 views14 pages

TCP Protocol

The document provides an overview of the Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP), which is essential for communication over the Internet, detailing its layers and protocols. It explains the functions of the Application, Transport, Internet, and Link layers, highlighting key protocols such as TCP, UDP, and IP. Additionally, it discusses the roles of various application protocols and the importance of reliable data delivery and network management.

Uploaded by

malasamr.ssmrv
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction TCP/IP

• The Internet Protocol Suite (commonly known as TCP/IP) is the


set of communications protocols used for the Internet and other
similar networks.
• It is named from two of the most important protocols in it:
• the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and
• the Internet Protocol (IP), which were the first two networking
protocols defined in this standard.

1
TCP/IP Layers
OSI TCP/IP
Application Layer Application Layer
TELNET, FTP, SMTP, POP3,
Presentation Layer
SNMP, NNTP, DNS,NIS, NFS,
Session Layer HTTP, ...
Transport Layer
Transport Layer
TCP , UDP , ...
Internet Layer
Network Layer
IP , ICMP, ARP, RARP, ...
Data Link Layer Link Layer
Physical Layer FDDI, Ethernet, ISDN, X.25,...
2
TCP/IP Stack

3
TCP/IP Encapsulation

4
TCP/IP Some Protocol
Layer Protocol
DNS, TFTP, TLS/SSL, FTP, Gopher, HTTP, IMAP, IRC, NNTP, POP3,
SIP, SMTP, SMPP, SNMP, SSH, Telnet, Echo, RTP, PNRP, rlogin,
Application ENRP
Routing protocols like BGP and RIP which run over TCP/UDP, may
also be considered part of the Internet Layer.
Transport TCP, UDP, DCCP, SCTP, IL, RUDP, RSVP
IP (IPv4, IPv6), ICMP, IGMP, and ICMPv6
Internet OSPF for IPv4 was initially considered IP layer protocol since it
runs per IP-subnet, but has been placed on the Link since
RFC 2740.
Link ARP, RARP, OSPF (IPv4/IPv6), IS-IS, NDP

5
Application Layer
• It combines the function of both presentation and application in OSI.
• Protocols:User protocols include
1. Telnet for remote login
2. FTP for file transfer
3. SMTP for email delivery
4. HTTP for web browsing

6
Application Layer
• Support protocols:
• These handles : name mapping, booting and management
• They include SNMP for network managmenet
• BOOTP for booting
• DNS for domain Name resolution and various routing protocols.

7
Transport Layer
• It is responsible for reliable source to destination delivery of entire
message.
• Protocols:
• TCP: establishes connection before sending the data and ensures all
data packets arrive correctly.
• Reliable but slower due to these checks.

8
Transport Layer
• UDP: User Datagram Protocol:
• Doesn’t require a connection
• Sends data without checking if it reached.
• Faster but less reliable
• Won’t recover loss of packets

9
Network/internet Layer
• Routing the packets from source to destination.
Across multiple networks
Here in this layer IP operates by assigning logical addresses to each
packet and determining the best path for them

10
Network/internet Layer
Protocols:
IP: IP is a connectionless Datagram based service. Doesnot guarantee
the delivery of packets
Data packet can get damaged, duplicated or arrive out of order.
ICMPI(Internet control Message Protocol):
Reports wrong delivery, congestion in the network, and redirects data
if needed

11
Network/internet Layer
IGMP(Internet Group Management Protocol): special protocol that
helps group of computers receive the same information at the same
time.

12
LINK Layer(Network Interface)
It includes hardware component for establishing the network
connection
Ensures the functional and procedural means to transfer the data
between the network entities
Makes sure that the messages are packed properly and sent
successfully.

13
LINK Layer(Network Interface)
Protocols:
• Ethernet: most common protocol for LANs for
physical and data link layers.
• Wi-Fi: connecting devices in a wireless LANs
• Point to point protocol; for establishing
connection between nodes. It can provide
connection authentication, transmission,
encryption and compression.
• Address resolution protocol: (ARP) used to map
an IP address to a Physical MAC address

14

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