ORTHODONTIC APPLIANCES
Definition
They are devices to correct or maintain a tooth
position and or the occlusal relationship.
They may be removable or fixed(cemented
and/or bonded).They may be made of
metal ,ceramic or plastic. They can be placed on
the labial or lingual surfaces of the teeth(or in
some situations, both) .They use gentle pressure
to move teeth into their proper positions.
TYPES OF ORTHODONTIC
APPLIANCES
1. Removable appliances
2. Fixed
3. Functional
REMOVABLE APPLIANCES
Definition
These are orthodontic devices made from acrylic and
wires that is clasped to the teeth and it can be removed
from the mouth by the patient.
They are grouped into 3,
• Active appliances only act in the maxilla or on the
mandible
• Functional orthodontic appliances for simultaneous
treatment of both jaws are passively acting appliances
• Retainers are used to secure the treament outcome.
INDICATIONS FOR REMOVABLE
ORTHODONTIC APPLIANCE
• Incisor inclination
• Treating the arches individually
• Narrow arches
• Unilateral cross-bite
• Single malpositioned tooth
• Bite correction
• Bad habits
CONTRAINDICATIONS OF REMOVABLE
ORTHODONTIC APPLIANCE
• Severe skeletal mal-positions
• Upper and lower arches correction needed
• Severe rotation movements needed
• Severe crowding
• Very dense bone
BY MAFUMU GERALD UA/PHD/
027/17
Parts of a fixed removable orthodontic appliance
The retentive components of any removable
appliance serve in retaining the appliance in
the patient ’s mouth.
• Adam’ s Clasp.
• Acrylic Resin framework.
• Labial Arch
FUNCTIONAL APPLIANCES
Functional appliances are designed to stimulate
growth of one arch and slow down the growth of
another,
1. The Herbst is a fixed appliance used in treating
a growing patient with ClassII malocclusions
and under developed lower mandible.
It is designed to hold the mandible in a forward
position to stimulate faster growth of the
mandible than the maxilla, therefore reducing
over jet and enhancing the patient profile.
2.The sagittal appliance expands the arch and
distalizes the buccal segments using three screws
(one in the front and one on each side) .
3.The twin block is used to stimulate the forward
growth of the mandible while restraining the
forward growth of the maxilla.
4.Abite plate is an acrylic appliance that reduces a
deep bite by preventing the posterior teeth from
touching.
5.A splint is used for the treatment of TMD and
facial pain. They may be designed for either arch
depending on the treatment objectives.
Retainers are removable appliances made of
moulded plastic and wire.
They hold the teeth in place after braces are taken
off.
If the teeth start to move back out of position, the
orthodontist may bond a short retaining wire to
the back of some teeth. This wire will hold the
teeth in place. Teeth are never completely stable
and always have a tendency to move. After
orthodontic treatment , retainers must to be worn
to stabilize and hold the teeth in their new
positions.
• Space Maintainers .
A space maintainer is an intra-oral appliance
used to preserve arch length following the
Premature loss of primary teeth/tooth. This
allows the permanent teeth to erupt
unhindered into proper alignment and
occlusion. A space maintainer is recommended
after the untimely loss of a primary tooth.
Advantages of removable appliances
I. Small in size.
II. Simple design
III. Light in weigh
IV. Easy to clean.
V. Low cost .
VI. More aesthetics.
VII.Allow the simple movements
VIII. Need for special equipment
BY KULAZIKULABE DENNIS UA
/PHD/023/17
Fixed orthodontic appliances
These appliances use sets of wires and brackets
cemented to the teeth.
These are commonly called braces. Metal bands may
be placed around some teeth, or metal, ceramic, or
plastic bonds may be attached to the surface of the
teeth. Then wires or springs are used to apply force
to the teeth.
Braces can be used over a period of about 24 to 28
months, the wires are tightened and adjusted,
gradually applying enough force to move the
teeth.
PARTS OF ORTHODONTIC BRACES
Brackets are the small squares that are bonded
directly to each tooth with a special dental
bonding agent or are attached to orthodontic
bands. Brackets act like handles, holding the
arch wires that move the teeth. Brackets can be
metal or clear, designed for the labial or
lingual surface of the teeth.
• Metal Bands
Orthodontic bands are stainless steel rings that
are cemented to the teeth. They wrap around
each tooth to provide an anchor for the
brackets. Separators are usually necessary to
provide space for banding.
• Separators
Separators ,also known as spacers are elastic
rings or metal springs that fit between teeth to
create a small space prior to placement of
orthodontic bands.
• Arch wires
Arch wires are wires of various dimensions and
materials such as stainless steel or titanium,
which are held into the brackets and act as
tracks to guide the movement of the teeth.
• Elastic Tie
The elastic tie is a tiny rubber ring that holds the
arch wire in place. Some brackets are “self -
ligating, ” which means that they do not need
the elastics to hold the arch-wire on to the
brackets.
• Ligature Tie
The ligature tie or lig. Tie (also called steel tie
or metal tie) is a fine wire that holds the arch
wire in place.
• Power Chain or C Chain
The power chain is a continuous elastic chain
used to close space.
• Springs
Springs may be placed on the arch wires
between brackets to push, pull , open or close
the spaces between teeth.
• Elastics
Elastics or rubber bands, attach to hooks on
brackets and are worn between the maxillary
and mandibular teeth in various ways. They
apply pressure to move the maxillary teeth
against the mandibular teeth to achieve a
perfect fit of individual teeth.
BY BULLO AWALI UA/PHD/042/16
INDICATIONS OF FIXED
ORTHODONTIC APPLIANCES
When multiple tooth movement is required
Intrusion
Extrusion
Derotation
Controlled space closure at extraction site
Bodily movement
Torque control
ADVANTAGES OF FIXED APPLIANCES
Don’t need Patient cooperation.
Use to treat the complicated cases of
malocclusion.
Allow greater range of movement more than
there movable appliances.
DISADVANTAGES OF FIXED APPLIANCES
More expansive than Removable appliance
Allow accumulation of food around the
appliance
Less esthetic .
Need for special equipment .
More complicated .
Difficult to clean.
BY MATOVU EDGAR UA/PHD/03
0/17
