ROMANESQUE

ARCHITECTURE

Presented by:- Mohd Usman

Amisha Parveen

HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE III

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Agenda

 Introduction
 Typologies
 Monaster
y
 Church
 Castle
 Expansion
 In France
 In Italy
 In Germany
 In Spain
 In England
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 INTRODUCTION

 This art appeared during the Middle Age.

 It is the first style that can be found all over Europe, even
when regional differences.
 The expansion of the style was linked to the pilgrimages,
mainly to Santiago(Spain).

 Romanesque art developed

thanks to a series of causes:
 The end of Barbarian invasions
 The decomposition of Cordoba’s caliphate
 The establishment of peace in the Christian world, with the
development of the cities, commerce and industry.

Mareia Laach Abbey

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Typologies
 There are 3 main architectural typologies
C H U RC H M O N A S T E RY CASTLES

SAINT-SERNIN, FRANCE Zsámbék Premontre Monastery Church, Lessay Abbey located in Manche, in France
Hungary
MONASTERY
 CASTLES
 Castles were defensive
constructions.

 The wall was one of the essential

elements.

 They were fortified for providing

shelter.

 They tend to be build in stepped

areas, easier to defend.

HARLESH CASTLE, NORTH WALES

CHURCH
TYPICAL ELEMENTS
OF A ROMENSQUE
CHARCH
CHARACTERISTICS OF CHURCH
 Symmetrical and simple planning of building.
 The use of Western roman style round arch.
 The church is covered by large stone vault.
 Using stone and brick as building materials.
 Foundation are strong.
 Creating visual effect with thick, heavy, and decorative columns.
 Thick and high wall to support roof.
 Heavy stone roofs instead of wooden roof.
 Preferring large entrance doors.
 Small ,narrow and few windows.
 Constructing large bells tower instead of byzantine domes.
 Plan could be :
Latin cross Polygonal Basilical
 Expansion

The factors of the expansion of Romanesque arch. were:

 The crusades.
 The pilgrimage routes.
 The expansion of religious orders, expanded the
monasteries and churches.
 Development of feudal system and increase in the need
for people to serve in castle.
 The rapid increase in the number of people using the
ways of the cross.

 Romanesque architecture is speared :

 In France
 It was the original region of Romanesque art.
 It appeared in Cluny’s abbey.
 It characterized by various vaulted styles.
 Pointed domes and facades with arches. The abbey of Cluny, France
 Barrel-vaulted, three aisled basilica.
 Facades with two flanking towers.
 Lombard influences with groined vaults supported by
flying buttresses and facades with two flanking tower

the Abbey of Saint-Sernin, France

Saint Magdalene church, Vezelay , France
 In Italy

 South with Byzantine and Arabic influences, using

mosaics, interlaced pointed-arches.
 Three separate buildings: church, baptistery and bell
tower.
 Lombardy with groined vaults of heavy proportions.
.
 Italian providences developed a great diversity of
architectural styles.
Saint Ambroggio, Milan

PISA CATHEDRAL , ITALY Saint miniato, Florence

 In Germany

 Churches were planned on a large scale

 They used to be very high
 They had an apse or sanctuary at each end.
 Numerous round or octagonal towers that
conferred them a picturesque silhouette.
 Many German Romanesque churches have two
apses, one at each end of the central nave The church of St. Michael at
Hildesheim, Germany

The church of St. Michael at Hildesheim,

Maria Laach Abbey, Germany Worms Cathedral Interior of church of St. Germany
Michael at Hildesheim,
 In England
 Before the 10th century were made of wood .
 Stone buildings were small and roughly constructed .
 The Norman Romanesque style replace the Saxon in 11th century.
 Long, narrow buildings were constructed with heavy walls and piers,
rectangular apses, double transepts and deeply recessed portals .
 Naves were covered with flat roofs, later replaces by vaults, and side
aisles were covered with groined vaults.
Durham Cathedral,
England

Groined vaults The Abbey of Saint-Étienne San Salvatore in Onda,

Rome
 In Spain
 Pilgrims route to Santiago was an important route for
Romanesque Art expansion.
 It created a contrast in relation to the refined Hispano Muslin
architecture.
 Plan with 3 to 5 aisle and a transept.
 The head has ambulatory and radial chapel.
 Buildings are simple and small.
 There are polygonal buildings too. i.g. Eunate, Torres del Rio.

The best examples

are:
-Santiago’s cathedral
-Fromista
-Sant Climent de
Tahull
-San Pere de Roda
-San Juan de la Peña
Eunate, Torres del Rio . Sant Climent de Tahull San Juan de la Peña
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Thank you