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Binomial distribution

The document presents an overview of Binomial Distribution, including its types, characteristics, and applications in veterinary medicine. It covers the calculation of probabilities, special characteristics like mean and variance, and provides various logbook questions for practical understanding. The content is structured to facilitate learning about probability distributions, specifically focusing on binomial events and their significance.

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7 views16 pages

Binomial distribution

The document presents an overview of Binomial Distribution, including its types, characteristics, and applications in veterinary medicine. It covers the calculation of probabilities, special characteristics like mean and variance, and provides various logbook questions for practical understanding. The content is structured to facilitate learning about probability distributions, specifically focusing on binomial events and their significance.

Uploaded by

fedaaabdelwahed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Department of Animal

Wealth Development
Course:Biostatistics
Section (5) Binomial Distribution
Presented By:Dr.Bothina Ahmed Abdullah
Contents
• 1-Types of Probability Distributions
• 2-Sample space&outcomes&Events(classification and examples)
• 3-Type 0f Event In Binomial Distribution
• 4-Aim Of Binomial Distribution
• 5-Importance Of Binomial distribution in Veterinary Medicine
• 6-Characters of Binomial Distrbution
• 7- Calculation Of Probabilities
• 8-Special Characters
1-Types of Probability Distributions
• -According to type of variable which which it deals.
• A-Discrete (Discontinuous)
Distribution(Non parametric)
B-Continuous Distribution
(parametric)

-Deals with categories or codes -Deals with Continuous quantitative variables


and discrete quantitative variables -It is represented by the normal curve
-It is represented by charts or dots -As:Normal distrbution T-test ANOVA
As:-Binomial Correlation and Regression
-Chi-square

-Poisson
2-Sample space&outcomes&Events(classification and
examples)
• First Classification of Events
• 1-Dependence Event
• 2-Independence(Mutually Event Event
• exclusive)...
2outcomes

sample space
• Second Classification of Events...According Number of Outcomes
• 1-Simple..(Event has only one outcome) As:Selecting a ball from bag, Selecting a card from deck
• 2-Binary..(Event has 2 outcomes) As:Coin tossing(head or tail),Sexing(male or female),Pregnancy diagnosis(+ or
-) and disease diagnosis(+ or -)......(Independent or mutually exclusive)
• 3-Compound..(Event has more than 2 outcomes) As:Hair and eye colour also Bloog group(A or AB or B or O)

•
3-Type 0f Event In Binomial Distribution
• Independent (Mutually exclusive) according to dependency.‫حدث متنافي‬
• Binary according to number of its outcomes‫حدث ثنائي النتائج‬
• 1-Sexing 2-Pregnancy or disease 3-Coin
• (male or female) diagnosis (+ or -) (head or tail)
4-Aim Of Binomial Distribution
• It measures frequency or Probability of occurence of particular
event.

• 5-Importance Of Binomial distribution in Veterinary Medicine:-


• 1-Prediction
• 2-Quality control units
• 3-Insurance problems
• 4-Medical reasearch
• 5-Public Opinion Surveys
6-Characters of Binomial Distrbution:-
• 1-Experiment consists of identical trials(n)
• 2-Each trial is independent of the pervious one
• 3-Each trial has only 2 outcomes (p success , q Failure)
• 4-(p) is the probability of success
• 5-(q) or (1-p) is the probability of failure
• 6-Sum of these 2 outcomes equals 1 (p+q=1)....If not present they equals(p=0.5 , q=0.5)
• 7-P and q are constant throughout the experiment
• 8-The probability of occurence of particular event
• P...Probability of success
• x...Number of success
• p...Success probability
• q...Failure probability
• n...Number of trials
7-Calculation Of Probabilities:-
• A-Less than number
• Sum of Probability of the previous numbers except its probability
• B-Number or less than this number
• The number probability + sum of Probability of the previous numbers even zero
probability
• C-More than number
• Sum of Probability of the following numbers except its probability
• D-Number or More than this number
• The number probability + Sum of Probability of the following numbers
• E-At least number
• Its probabilty + Sum of Probability of the following numbers
• OR 1-(Sum of Probability of the previous numbers even zero probability except its
probability).
8-Special Characters:-
• Mean,Variance and Standard deviation of this distribution
• Mean()=np
• Variance()=npq
• Standard deviation()=√npq
Logbook Questions
• 1. For a binomial distribution
• A) n must assume a number between 1 and 20 or 25.
• B) p must be a multiple of .10.
• C) There must be at least 3 possible outcomes. D) None of the above.
2-Which of the following is not a requirement of a binomial distribution?
.a)The probability of success must be constant from trial to trial –
.b)Each outcome is independent of the other –
“.c )Each outcome may be classified as either "success" or "failure –
.d) The random variable of interest is continuous •
3- In a binomial distribution:
.a) the random variable X is continuous •
.b) the probability of success p is stable from trial to trial •
.c) the number of trials n must be at least 30
.d) the results of one trial are dependent on the results of the other trials •

•
4- If n = 10 and p = 0.70, then the standard deviation of the binomial distribution is:
a) 0.07 b) 1.45 C) 7 d)14.29
5- If n = 10 and p = 0.70, then the mean of the binomial distribution is:
a) 0.07 b) 1.45 c) 7 d) 14.29 •
6- A company has 125 personal computers. The probability that any one of them will require repair on a given
day is 0.025. To find the probability that exactly 20 of the computers will require repair on a given day, one
will use what type of probability distribution?
.a)Binomial distribution
.B)Poisson distribution •
.C)hypergeometric distribution •
d) none of the above •
Compute the mean, standard deviation for binomial distribution in which .7 •
.p = 0.7 and n = 60 •
Answer: q=1-p=1-0.7=0.3 •
Mean() =np=60 x 0.7 =42 •
Variance ()=npq=60 x 0.7 x 0.3 = 12.6 •
Standard deviation ()=√npq=√12.6 = 3.54 •
• 8-Coin is tossed 10 times what is probability that 6 heads will occur?
• Answer: (p=0.5 , q=0.5) (x=6) (n=10)
• So, P6 =c10 6 x(0.5)6 x (0.5) 10-6 = 0.2
•

• 9-If 20% of meat product produced by a machine is defected, determine the probability that out of 4
products chosen randomly:
• a. One product is defected
• b. Two products are defected
• C. less than two products .
• Answer: (p=20/100=0.2) (q=1-p=1-0.2=0.8) (n=4)
• a. One product is defected.(x=1)......P1= c4 1 x(0.2)1 x (0.8) 4-1 =0.4096
Logbook Questions

• b. Two products are defected .(x=2).....P2=c4 2 x(0.2)2 x (0.8) 4-2 =0.1536


• C. less than two products.(x=0 and x=1).....P0=c4 0 x(0.2)0 x (0.8) 4-0 =0.4096 , P1=0.4096 (P0 + P1
=0.8192)

• 10-If the percent of bad eggs in an order is 0.02, during the examination of this order, 10 eggs were taken.
Find the probabilities to get:
• a. All eggs are good
b. more than three are bad
C.At least 1 egg is bad
Answer: (p=0.02) (q=1-p=1-0.02=0.98) (n=10)
a. All eggs are good.(x=0).... P0= c10 0 x(0.02)0 x (0.98) 10-0 =0.81
b. more than three are bad.(x=4 till x=10)
P4+P5+P6+P7+P8+P9+P10=0.00003
•
Logbook Questions

C.At least 1 egg is bad.(x=0) OR (x=1 till x=10 )


1-P0=1-0.81=0.19 OR P1+P2+P3+P4+P5+P6+P7+P8+P9+P10=0.19

11-Suppose the probability of recovery from certain disease of cattle is 40%. In a sample of 12 cattle affected
with disease, what is the probability that: (Four or more will recover )
Answer: (p=40/100=0.4) (q=1-p=1-0.4=0.6) (n=12)
Four or more will recover (x=4 till x=12)
(P4+P5+P6+P7+P8+P9+P10+P11+P12)= 0.77

12- A new soft drink is being market tested. It is estimated that 60% of consumers will like the new drink. A
sample of 16 taste-tested the new drink.
-- Determine mean , variance and the standard error of the proportion
Answer: q=1-p=1-0.6=0.4
Mean ( = n p = 16 x 0.6 = 9.6
Logbook Questions

Variance ( = n p q = 16 x 0.6 x 0.4 = 3.84.


SD( = variance = = 1.95.
SE=/√n = 1.95 / √16 = 0.48
13-A production process produces 90% non-defective parts. A sample of 10 parts from the
production process is selected. What is the probability that the sample will contain
1-No non defective parts.
2-Two non defective parts.

Answer: (p=90/100=0.9) (q=1-p=1-0.9=0.1) (n=10)


a. No non defective parts..(x=0)......P0=c10 0 x(0.9)0 x (0.1) 10-0 =1X10 (-10)
b. Two non defective parts. .(x=2).....P2=c10 2 x(0.9)2 x (0.1) 10-2 =3.645X10(-7)
14-There are 50 students at some university, 45% are female. A sample of 6 students is selected
randomly.
(a) Determine mean and the standard error of the proportion (proportion of females).
(b) What is the probability of having (one female, no females)?
Answer: p=0.45 q=1-p=1-0.45=0.55 (n=6)
(a) Mean ( = n p = 6 x 0.45 = 2.7
Variance ( = n p q = 6 x 0.45 x 0.55 = 1.485.
SD( = variance = = 1.21.
SE=SD/√n = 1.21 / √6 = 0.49

b. Probability of having (one female, no females)


One female.(x=1)......
P1= c6 1 x(0.45)1 x (0.55) 6-1 =0.135
No female.(x=0)......P0=c6 0 x(0.45)0 x (0.55) 6-0 =0.027

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