THE PROCESSOR AND RAM OF
OPERATING SYSTEMS
Operating System:
• An operating system is a software,
consisting of programs and data, that
runs on computer and manage the
computer hardware and provides
common service for efficient execution
of various application software.
• operating system is a boss of all the
computer systems
Operating system:
• OS is an integreted set of program controls the resources of a computer
system and provide its users with an interface or virtual machine that is
easier to use than the bare machine.
• A computer system consists of software program and hardware physical
components in the computer.
• The operating system software is the chief piece of software and all of
the other software.
• It consists of every file, every device, every section of main memory and
every nanoseconds of processing time its control who can use to the
system.
History of Operating System:
• Initially, computer were used as large automated calculators for
mathematical and statistical problem.
• Legitimate use can be traced back 100 years os more but there were no
practical design used by significant numbers of people until the late
1950’s.
• Operating systems were rudimentary, often not able to do more than read
punch cards or tape and write output to machine resebling typewriters.
• It was a purely mechanical design and the tchnology of its day could not
produce the wheel, gear, cogs and other mechanical parts to the high
precision that he needed.
Operating System Software:
Operating system software has four major types in
the computer system are,
Memory Management
Processor Management
Device Management
File Management
• These are all the essential mangers of the
operating system.
• A network was not always an integral part of
operating system.
Memory Management:
• A primary responsibility of the memory management in protect the space
in main memory occupied by the operating system itself.
• It cannot allow any part of it is to be accidentally or intentionally altered.
• RAM(Random Access Memory) is the computer main memory and it
was called primary storage system.
• Memory management is the process of controlling and coordinating
computer memory, assigning portions called blocks to various running
programs to optimize overall system performance.
Processor Management:
• The processor management is decided how to
allocated the CPU. An important is to keep track of
the status of each process. App Human users
• The processor manager monitor whether the CPU is
licat
executing a process of waiting for a read and write
command to finish execution. ion Other system
software
• There are two levels of responsibility in soft
process management, ware
Operating
system
Hardware
Job scheduler
Process scheduler
Device Management:
• The device management monitor every device, channels and control unit
its job is to choose the most efficient way to allocate all of the system
devices.
• Examples of the device management are printer, posts, disk, drive, etc..
• Device management is the process of managing the implementation,
operation and maintenance of physical and or vitual device.
• It is a broad term that includes various administrative tools and processes
for the maintenance and upkeep of a computing, network, mobile and or
virtual device.
File Management:
• The file manager keeps track of every file in the system include data file,
program file, compiler and application.
• By using predetermind access policies, it enforce restriction on who has
access to which files.
• The files manager also a control of what access are allowed to do with
file once they access them.
• File management is the process of administering a system that correctly
handles digital data.
Types of Operating System:
Simple batch system User
Interface
Multiprogramming system
Multiprocessor system
Desktop system Memory
management Security
Microcomputer system OS
Distributed system
Embedded system
Peripheral
Real time system Multi-
tasking
managemen
t
Simple Batch System:
• Batch system data from the earliest computer where they relied on stock
of punched cards or reels of magnetic tape for input.
• Job sticks were entered by assembling the cards into a desk and running
the entire desk of cards through a cards reader as a group of batch.
• The efficiency of batch system is measured in throughput the number of
jobs completed in a given amount of time.
• Examples are report general, data form, image processing.
Multiprogramming System:
• The multi program is intensive execution of multiprogram jobs by the
same computer in multi programming system.
• When one program is waiting for input/output transfer there is another
program ready to utilize the CPU.
• So it is possible for general jobs to share the time of the CPU.
Multiprocessor OS:
• The multiprocessor operating system refers to use of two or more CPU
within a single computer system.
• The multiple CPU are a close communication sharing the computer bus,
memory and peripheral system are refered to tighly coupled system.
• Mulitiprocessing refers to a computer system’s ability to support more
than one process (program) at the same time.
• It enables several programs to run concurrently.
Desktop Operating System:
• The control program in a user machine(i.e) desktop or laptop also called
client operating system.
• Windows is the majority of the Macintosh there are also several versions
of Linux for the desktop contrast with network OS.
• The operating system market is slowly changing at the moment mac OS
and Linux are growing.
• Most people use the operating system that comes with their computer,
but it’s possible to upgrade or even change operating system.
Microcomputer OS:
• Microsoft windows and Macintosh (Mac OS) are interface
• This operating system can be loaded into memory from floppy disk or
hard disk. this process is know as booting.
• Multicomputer. A computer made up of several computers.
• The term generally refers to an architecture in which each processors has
its own memory rether than multiple processor with a shared memory.
Distributed Operating System:
• The distributed operating system is a software over the collection of
independent network communicating and physical separate
computational nodes.
• They handles jobs which are serviced by multiple CPU. Each individual
nodes hold a specific software subset of the global aggregate operating
system.
• The loosely coupled software allows computer and user of a distributed
system to be independent each other but having a limited possibility to
cooperate.
Embedded Operating System:
• Embedded is specialezed OS designed to performs specific task for a
device that is not a computer.
• In embedded OS main job is to run that allowed the device do its jobs.
• The embedded OS also makes the device berween accessible the
software that is running on the top of the OS.
• Some example of embedded system are MP3 players, mobile phones,
video game console, digital cameras, DVD player and GPS, household.
Real-Time Operating System:
• The real-time OS is any operating system intended serve real time
application that process data as it come in typically without buffer delay.
• is a multi tasking OS for real time application
• A real-time operating system(RTOS) is an operating system that
guarantees a certain capability within a specified time constraints.
THANK YOU
