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POC 1

The document provides an overview of concrete, detailing its properties, advantages, disadvantages, constituents, and various types. Concrete is a composite material primarily made of cement, aggregates, and water, known for its strength and versatility in construction. It also discusses the importance of the water-cement ratio and the different classifications of concrete based on binding materials, design, and purpose.

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10 views44 pages

POC 1

The document provides an overview of concrete, detailing its properties, advantages, disadvantages, constituents, and various types. Concrete is a composite material primarily made of cement, aggregates, and water, known for its strength and versatility in construction. It also discusses the importance of the water-cement ratio and the different classifications of concrete based on binding materials, design, and purpose.

Uploaded by

mirza
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Introduction

Lecture no 01

Properties of Concrete
(CE-202)
Contents
What is Concrete?
Advantages of Concrete
Disadvantages of Concrete
Concrete Constituents
 Cement
 Aggregate
 Water
 Admixture
Qualities of good concrete
Types of Concrete
What is Concrete?
What is Concrete?
Concrete is a composite material made
from several readily available constituents.
Is the second most commonly used
building material (after timber).
Concrete is a composition of binding
material, aggregates and water.
Concrete is a versatile material that can
easily be mixed to meet a variety of
special needs and formed to virtually any
shape.
Advantages of
Concrete
Advantages Of Concrete
As a construction material Concrete has the
following advantages:
1. Concrete can handle the compressive
stresses 10 times more than the tension and
the most of loads in our life is compressive.
2. Concrete is a brittle material which
gives the advantage to make a rigid
structure.
3. Easy to handle, specially (in cases)
where plants are used that give you ready
mix concrete.
Advantages Of Concrete
4. Concrete is durable, fire-resistant,
economical and easy to be fabricated on-
site.
5. Concrete can be reinforced with other
materials easily.
Disadvantages of
Concrete
Disadvantages Of Concrete
As a construction material Concrete has
the following disadvantages:
1. Low tensile strength
2. Volume instability
3. Low strength to weight ratio
Concrete
Constituents
Concrete Constituents
Cement
Coarse Aggregate
Fine Aggregate
Water
Admixture
Cement
Cement used in conventional concrete is
normally Portland Cement
The name is the result of its similarity to
limestone quarried in Portland, England.
Prime ingredients are limestone and clay.
Ingredients are crushed, ground, blended
and burned.
Cement Composition
Calcium Oxide (CaO) = 60 – 65%
Silica (SiO2) = 20 – 25%
Aluminum Oxide = 4 - 8%
Ferrous Oxide = 2–4%
Magnesium Oxide = 1–3%
Types of Cement
Depending upon our, we use different types of
cement.
Rapid Hardening or High early strength Cement
Quick setting Cement
High Alumina Cement
Portland Slag Cement
Low Heat Cement
Air Entraining Cement
White Cement
Colored Cement
Portland Pozzolona Cement
Aggregates
Aggregates
Occupies 70-80% of the volume
Strength of concrete is generally
independent of aggregate strength.
Durability may be affected by aggregate
strength
Should be free from impurities
Round, smooth particles give the best
workability, because particles with sharp
corners tend to interfere with each other as
the concrete flows.
Aggregates
Generally two size categories:
Fine and Coarse
Gradation is important.
Maximum size of aggregate is controlled by
opening size between reinforcing bars and forms.
The required amount of cement paste is dependent
upon the amount of void space that must be filled
and the total surface area that must be covered.
When the particles are of uniform size the spacing is
the greatest, but when a range of sizes is used the
void spaces are filled and the paste requirement is
lowered.
Water
Water
Rule of Thumb:
“If you can drink it, you can make
concrete with it.”
Some soluble inorganic salts may retard
the setting and curing.
Dissolved organic material may retard
hydration and entrain excessive amounts
of air.
Admixture
Admixture
Admixtures are used to enhance a
particular property such as strength,
workability, freeze-thaw durability, time to
set, etc…
Two important admixtures:
(a) Air Entrainment
(b) Calcium Chloride (CaCl2)
Qualities of Good
Concrete
Qualities Of Good Concrete
Strength
Durability
Density
Workability
Water Tightness
Types of Concrete
Types Of Concrete
Apart from conventional concrete, concrete
is classified into various types. A few types
are mentioned below:

1. According to binding material used in


concrete.

2. According to design of concrete.

3. According to purpose of concrete.


Types Of Concrete
According to binding material used,
concrete is classified into two types.
(1) Cement concrete
(2) Lime concrete.
Types Of Concrete
Cement Concrete:
In cement concrete useful proportions of
its ingredients are 1 part cement: 1-8 part
sand: 2-16 parts coarse aggregates.
Uses: Cement concrete is commonly
used in buildings and other important
engineering works where strength and
durability is of prime importance.
Types Of Concrete
Lime Concrete:
The concrete consisting of lime, fine and
coarse aggregates mixed in a suitable
proportions with water is called lime concrete.
In this type, hydraulic lime is generally used
as a binding material.
Uses: Lime concrete is generally used for
the sake of economy in foundation works,
under floors, over roof and where cement is
not cheaply and easily available in required
quantity.
Types Of Concrete
According to design of concrete, it is
classified into three types.
1. Plain cement concrete(PCC).
2. Reinforced cement concrete(RCC).
3. Pre-stressed cement concrete.
Types Of Concrete
Plain Cement Concrete:
The cement concrete in which no
reinforcement is provided is called plain
cement concrete or mass cement
concrete. This type of concrete is strong
in taking compressive stresses but weak
in taking tensile stresses.
Uses: Plain cement concrete is
commonly used in for foundation work
and flooring of buildings.
Types Of Concrete
Reinforced Cement Concrete:
The cement concrete in which
reinforcement is embedded for taking
tensile stress is called reinforced cement
concrete.
In this type of concrete the steel
reinforcement is to be used generally in
the form of round bars,6mm to 32mm dia.
This concrete is equally strong in taking
tensile, compressive and shear stresses.
Types Of Concrete
Usual proportions of
ingredients in a reinforced
concrete are 1 part of
cement: 1-2 parts of sand: 2-
4 parts of crushed stones or
gravel.
Uses: RCC is commonly
used for construction of
slabs, beams, columns,
foundation, precast concrete.
Types Of Concrete
Pre-Stressed Cement Concrete:
The cement concrete in which high
compressive stresses are artificially
induced before their actual use is called
pre-stressed cement concrete. In this type
of cement concrete, the high compressive
stresses are induced by pre-tensioning the
reinforcement before placing the concrete,
and the reinforcement is released when
final setting of the concrete take place.
Types Of Concrete
Uses: This concrete can
take up high tensile and
compressive stresses
without development of
cracks. The quantity of
reinforcement can be
considerably reduced by
using this concrete.
Types Of Concrete
According to purpose, concrete is
classified into following types.
1. Vacuum Concrete
2. Air Entrained Concrete
3. Light Weight Concrete
4. Heavy Weight Concrete
Types Of Concrete
Vacuum Concrete:
The cement concrete from which
entrained air and excess water is
removed after placing it, by suction
with the help of vacuum pump is
called vacuum concrete.
In this concrete the excess water
which is added to increase
workability but not required for the
hydration of cement in concrete is
removed by forming vacuum
chamber.
Types Of Concrete
Lieght-Weight Concrete:
The concrete prepared by using
coke breeze(fuel), cinder(igneous
rock) or slag(gas like by-product) as
coarse aggregate is called light
weight concrete. The concrete is
light in weight and posses heat
insulating properties.
Uses: This concrete is used in
making precast structural units, for
partitions and wall lining.
Lieght-Weight Concrete:
Types Of Concrete
Heavy-Weight Concrete:
Heavyweight concrete uses heavy natural
aggregates such as barites or magnetite or
manufactured aggregates such as iron or
lead shot.
Uses: The main land-based application
is for radiation shielding (medical or
nuclear). Offshore, heavyweight concrete
is used for ballasting for pipelines and
similar structures.
Types Of Concrete
The density achieved will depend on the
type of aggregate used. Typically using
barites the density will be in the region of
3,500kg/m3, which is 45% greater than
that of normal concrete, while with
magnetite the density will be 3,900kg/m3,
or 60% greater than normal concrete. Very
heavy concretes can be achieved with iron
or lead shot as aggregate, 5,900kg/m3 and
8,900kg/m3 respectively.
Water/Cement
Ratio
Water-Cement Ratio
In the preparation of concrete the water
cement ratio is very important
For normal construction the water
cement ratio is usually 0.5
Adding to much water will reduce the
strength of concrete and can cause
segregation.
Water-Cement Ratio
For different ratio of concrete the amount of
water for 50kg of cement is
Concrete ratio Water quantity
1:3:6 34 liter
1:2:4 30 liter
1:1.5:3 27 liter
1:1:2 25 liter
Questions???

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