SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY,

AND SOCIETY
PRESENTED BY Ms.
: Janelle A. Plata
GEd 109 2nd SEMESTER
Intended Learning Outcomes:

1.Discuss the interactions between science

and technology and society throughout
history
2.Discuss how scientific and technological
development affect society and the
environment
 TABLE OF

CONTENT
WHAT IS SCIENCE,

S
01 TECHNOLOGY, AND 04 SOCIETY
SOCIETY?

SCIENCE VS
02 SCIENCE 05
TECHNOLOGY

THE ROLE OF
03 TECHNOLOGY 06 SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY
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 SCIENCE,
TECHNOLOGY, AND
SOCIETY
• is an interdisciplinary course
designed to examine the ways
that science and technology
shape, and are shaped by, our
society, politics, and culture.
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 SCIENCE,
TECHNOLOGY, AND
SOCIETY
• History and philosophy of science and
technology, sociology and
anthropology are greatly
interconnected to the discussion of STS
because these are the very factors that
molded the development of science
batstate-u.edu.ph

and technology as we know it today

SCIENC
E
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PRESENTATION/
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 SCIENC
E
• In Latin, “scientia” which means having knowledge.

• the intellectual and practical activity encompassing the

systematic study of the structure and behavior of the
physical and natural world through observation and
experiment

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TECHNOLOGY

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 TECHNOLOG
Y
• practical application of knowledge

• the application of science and creation of systems, processes

and objects designed to help humans in their daily activities

• the application of scientific knowledge to the practical aims

of human life or, as it is sometimes phrased, to the change
and manipulation of the human environment
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SOCIET
Y
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 SOCIET
Y
• a group of individuals involved in persistent social
interaction, or a large social group sharing the same
geographical or social territory, typically subject to the same
political authority and dominant cultural expectations
(Science Daily)

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 SCIENCE VS TECHNOLOGY
SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY

• Is concerned with processes • Is concerned with such

that seek out the meaning processes that we use to
of the natural world by alter/change the natural
“inquiry”, “discovering what world such as “invention”,
is”, “exploring”, and using “ “innovation”, practical
the scientific method” problem solving, and design.
 THE ROLE OF SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY

1. alter the way people live, connect,

communicate and transact, with profound effects
on economic development;
 THE ROLE OF SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY

2. key drivers to development, because

technological and scientific revolutions underpin
economic advances, improvements in health
systems, education and infrastructure;
 THE ROLE OF SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY

3.The technological revolutions of the 21st century

are emerging from entirely new sectors, based on
micro-processors, tele-communications, bio-
technology and nano-technology.
 THE ROLE OF SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY

4. have the power to better the lives of poor

people in developing countries
 THE ROLE OF SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY

5. differentiators between countries that are able to

tackle poverty effectively by growing and developing
their economies, and those that are not.
 THE ROLE OF SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY

6. engine of growth
7. interventions for cognitive enhancement, proton
cancer therapy and genetic engineering
 CHAPTER 1
Historical
Antecedents in the
World
A historical
perspective will make
us appreciate
more what science
really is.
 ANCIENT TIMES TO The Advent of Islamic Golden Age SCIENCE &
600 B.C Science (600 BC to TECHNOLOGY IN
500 AD) ANCIENT CHINA

The Renaissance The Enlightenment Industrial 20th Century Science and Technology
(1300 AD – Period (1715 A.D. Revolution (1760 - Science: Physics in the Fourth Industrial
1600AD) to 1789 A.D.) 1840) and Information Revolution
Age
Ancient Times
to 600 BC • Science involved practical arts
like healing practices and metal
tradition.
• Some of the earliest records
from history indicate that 3,000
years before Christ, the ancient
Egyptians already had
reasonably sophisticated
medical practices.
• Most historians agree that the
heart of Egyptian medicine was
trial and error.
Ancient Times
to 600 BC • The papyrus is an ancient form
of paper, made from the
papyrus plant, a reed which
grows in the marshy areas
around the Nile river.
• As early as 3,000 years before
Christ, Egyptians took thin slices
of the stem of the papyrus
plant, laid them crosswise on
top of each other, moistened
them, and then pressed and
dried them.
THE ADVENT OF SCIENCE
& TECHNOLOGY (600-500
AD)
• The ancient Greeks were the
early thinkers and as far as
historians can tell, they were the
first true scientists.
• They collected facts and
observations and then used
those observations to explain
the natural world.
THE ADVENT OF SCIENCE
& TECHNOLOGY (600-500
AD) • Scientific thought in Classical
Antiquity becomes tangible from
the 6th century BC in pre-
Socratic philosophy (Thales,
Pythagoras). In circa 385 BC,
Plato founded the Academy.
• This period produced substantial
advances in scientific
knowledge, especially in
anatomy, zoology, botany,
mineralogy, geography,
mathematics and astronomy
ISLAMIC GOLDEN
AGE
• a period of cultural, economic
and scientific flourishing in the
history of Islam, traditionally
dated from the eighth century to
the fourteenth century.
ISLAMIC GOLDEN
AGE • Islamic scientific achievements
encompassed a wide range of
subject areas, especially
astronomy, mathematics, and
medicine. Scientific inquiry was
practiced in other subjects like
alchemy (ancient branch of natural
philosophy) and chemistry, botany
and agronomy, geography and
cartography, ophthalmology,
pharmacology, physics and zoology.
ISLAMIC GOLDEN
• Islamic science was
AGE characterized by having
practical purposes as well as
the goal of understanding
• Astronomy was useful in
determining the Qibla, which
is the direction in which to
pray, botany is applied in
agriculture and geography
enabled scientists to make
accurate maps.
Al-Kwarizmi
• Mathematics also flourished
during the Islamic Golden
Age with the works of Al-
Khwarizmi, Avicenna and
Jamshid al Kashi that led to
advanced in algebra,
trigonometry, geometry and
Arabic numerals
 Al-Biruni

• Al-Biruni and Avicenna produced

Avicenna books that contain descriptions
of the preparation of hundred of
drugs made from medicinal
plants and chemical compounds.
Ibn Al-Haytham
• Islamic physicists such as
Ibn Al-Haytham, Al-Biruni
and others studied optics
and mechanics as well as
astronomy, and criticized
Aristotle’s view of motion.
SCIENCE &
• Ancient Chinese scientists and
TECHNOLOGY IN engineers made significant
AnCIENT CHINA scientific innovations, findings and
technological advances across
various scientific disciplines
including the natural sciences,
engineering, medicine, military
technology, mathematics, geology
and astronomy.
• Ancient China gave the world the
Four Great Inventions that include
the compass, gunpowder,
papermaking and printing.
CHINESE COMPASS • Invented during the Qid Dynasty
(first dynasty of Imperial China)
(221 BCE – 207 BCE) Before
Common Era

• The first Chinese compass used a

lodestone (which automatically
points to the south) and a bronze
plate. The lodestone was carved
into the shape of a spoon.
SCIENCE &
TECHNOLOGY IN
AnCIENT CHINA • These four inventions had a
profound impact on the
development of civilization
throughout the world. However,
some modern Chinese scholars
have opined that other Chinese
inventions were perhaps more
sophisticated and had a greater
impact on Chinese civilization.
RENAISSANCE • The 14th century was the
PERIOD (1300AD - beginning of the cultural
movement of the Renaissance,
1600AD)
which was considered by
many as the Golden Age of
Science.
• The rediscovery of ancient
scientific texts was
accelerated after the Fall of
Constantinople in 1453, and
the invention of printing
democratized learning and
allowed a faster propagation
Marie Boas Hall

• coined the term Scientific

Renaissance to designate the
early phase of the Scientific
Revolution, 1450–1630
Peter Dear • argued for a two-phase model
of early modern science: a
Scientific Renaissance of the
15th and 16th centuries,
focused on the restoration of
the natural knowledge of the
ancients; and a Scientific
Revolution of the 17th
century, when scientists
shifted from recovery to
innovation
RENAISSANCE
PERIOD (1300AD - • Renaissance philosophy lost
1600AD) much of its rigour as the rules
of logic and deduction were
seen as secondary to intuition
and emotion. At the same
time, Renaissance humanism
stressed that nature came to
be viewed as an animate
spiritual creation that was not
governed by laws or
mathematics.
RENAISSANCE
PERIOD (1300AD - • The most important
1600AD) technological advance of all in
this period was the
development of printing, with
movable metal type, about the
mid-15th century in Germany.
Johannes Gutenberg is usually
called its inventor, but in fact
many people and many steps
were involved.
RENAISSANCE
PERIOD (1300AD -
1600AD) • Three men of Mainz—
Gutenberg and his
contemporaries Johann Fust
and Peter Schöffer—seem to
have taken the final steps,
casting metal type and locking
it into a wooden press.
RENAISSANCE
PERIOD (1300AD -
1600AD) • The invention spread like the
wind, reaching Italy by 1467,
Hungary and Poland in the
1470s, and Scandinavia by
1483. By 1500 the presses of
Europe had produced some six
million books.
THE ENLIGHTENMENT
PERIOD (1715 A.D. - • The Enlightenment Period or
1789 A.D.) the Age of Reason was
characterized by radical
reorientation in science, which
emphasized reason over
superstition and science over
blind faith.
• This period produced
numerous books, essays,
inventions, scientific
discoveries, laws, wars and
revolutions.
THE ENLIGHTENMENT
PERIOD (1715 A.D. -
1789 A.D.) • The American and French
Revolutions were directly
inspired by Enlightenment
ideals and respectively
marked the peak of its
influence and the beginning of
its decline.
• The Enlightenment ultimately
gave way to 19th-century
Romanticism.
• The Enlightenment’s important 17th-
century precursors included the key
natural philosophers of the Scientific
Revolution, including Galileo Galilei,
Johannes Kepler and Gottfried Wilhelm
Leibniz.
 • Its roots are usually traced to 1680s England, where in the
span of three years Isaac Newton published his “Principia
Mathematica” (1686) and John Locke his “Essay Concerning
Human Understanding” (1689)—two works that provided
the scientific, mathematical and philosophical toolkit for the
Enlightenment’s major advances.

locke

newton
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION • The rise of modern science
(1760-1840) and the Industrial Revolution
were closely connected.
• It is difficult to show any direct
effect of scientific discoveries
upon the rise of the textile or
even the metallurgical
industry in Great Britain, the
home of the Industrial
Revolution, but there certainly
was a similarity in attitude to
be found in science and
nascent industry.
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
(1760-1840) • The science of metallurgy
permitted the tailoring of alloy
steels to industrial
specifications, the science of
chemistry permitted the
creation of new substances,
like the aniline dyes, of
fundamental industrial
importance, and that
electricity and magnetism
were harnessed in the electric
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
(1760-1840)
• Most importantly, as industry
required ever more
complicated and intricate
machinery, the machine tool
industry developed to provide
it and, in the process, made
possible the construction of
ever more delicate and refined
instruments for science
YERKES OBSERVATORY

• A large refracting telescope

driven by intricate clockwork
to observe nebulae was as
much a product of 19th-
century heavy industry as
were the steam locomotive
and the steamship
INDUSTRIAL
• Governments, in varying degrees
REVOLUTION and at different rates, began
(1760-1840) supporting science even more
directly, by making financial
grants to scientists, by founding
research institutes, and by
bestowing honors and official
posts on great scientists.
• By the end of the 19th century
the natural philosopher following
his private interests had given
way to the professional scientist
with a public role.
The main features involved in the Industrial Revolution were
technological, socioeconomic, and cultural. The
technological changes included the following:

(1) the use of new basic materials, chiefly iron and steel.

(2) the use of new energy sources, including both fuels and motive power,
such as coal, the steam engine, electricity, petroleum, and the internal-
combustion engine.
The main features involved in the Industrial Revolution were
technological, socioeconomic, and cultural. The
technological changes included the following:

(3) the invention of new machines, such as the spinning jenny and the
power loom that permitted increased production with a smaller
expenditure of human energy

(4) a new organization of work known as the factory system, which

entailed increased division of labor and specialization of function.
The main features involved in the Industrial Revolution were
technological, socioeconomic, and cultural. The
technological changes included the following:

(5) important developments in transportation and communication,

including the steam locomotive, steamship, automobile, airplane,
telegraph, and radio, and

(6) the increasing application of science to industry. These technological

changes made possible a tremendously increased use of natural
resources and the mass production of manufactured goods
 20th Century Science:
Physics and
Information Age
• The 20th century generated
entirely novel insights in all
areas of research – often
thanks to the introduction of
novel research methods – and
it established an intimate
connection between science
and technology.
 20th Century Science:
Physics and
• Twentieth century cosmology
Information Age greatly improved our
knowledge of the place that
man and his planet occupy in
the universe. The “wonder”
that Plato and Aristotle put at
the origin of thought, today
extends to science itself.
Questions now arise on the
origin and on the whole, its
history and its laws.
 20th Century Science:
Physics and
Information Age
• The start of the 20th century
was strongly marked by
Einstein’s formulation of the
theory of relativity (1905)
including the unifying concept
of energy related to mass and
the speed of light: E = mc2
 20th Century Science: • In the second half of the 20th
Physics and century several branches of
Information Age science continued to make great
progress and we here list physics,
chemistry, biology, geology and
astronomy. There was the
development of the semi-
conductor 12(transistor), followed
by developments in
nanotechnology that led to great
advances in information
technology. In nuclear physics the
discovery of sub-atomic particles
 20th Century Science:
Physics and
• Modern physics grew in the
Information Age
20th into a primary discipline
contributing to all today’s
basic natural sciences,
astronomy, chemistry and
biology. The year 1953 was an
important landmark for
biology with the description by
Crick and Watson of the
structure of DNA, the carrier of
genetic information.
SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
IN THE FOURTH • The Fourth Industrial
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION Revolution is a way of
describing the blurring of
boundaries between the
physical, digital, and biological
worlds. It’s a fusion of
advances in artificial
intelligence (AI), robotics, the
Internet of Things (IoT), 3D
printing, genetic engineering,
quantum computing, and
other technologies.
SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
IN THE FOURTH • Artificial intelligence (AI)
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION describes computers that can
“think” like humans —
recognizing complex patterns,
processing information,
drawing conclusions, and
making recommendations. AI
is used in many ways, from
spotting patterns in huge piles
of unstructured data to
powering the autocorrect on
your phone.
SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
IN THE FOURTH • New computational
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION technologies are making
computers smarter. They
enable computers to process
vast amounts of data faster
than ever before, while the
advent of the “cloud” has
allowed businesses to safely
store and access their
information from anywhere
with internet access, at any
time.
L’Oréal’s Makeup App

• Virtual reality (VR) offers

immersive digital experiences
(using a VR headset) that
simulate the real world, while
augmented reality merges the
digital and physical worlds.
SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
IN THE FOURTH • Biotechnology harnesses
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION cellular and biomolecular
processes to develop new
technologies and products for
a range of uses, including
developing new
pharmaceuticals and
materials, more efficient
industrial manufacturing
processes, and cleaner, more
efficient energy sources.
SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
IN THE FOURTH
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION • Robotics refers to the design,
manufacture, and use of
robots for personal and
commercial use. While we’re
yet to see robot assistants in
every home, technological
advances have made robots
increasingly complex and
sophisticated.
SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
IN THE FOURTH
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION • 3D printing allows
manufacturing businesses to
print their own parts,with less
tooling, at a lower cost, and
faster than viatraditional
processes. Plus,designs can be
customized to ensure a perfect
fit
SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY • The IoT describes the idea of
everyday items — from medical
IN THE FOURTH wearables that monitor users’
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION physical condition to cars and
tracking devices inserted into
parcels —being connected to the
internet and identifiable by other
devices. A big plus for businesses
is that they can collect customer
data from constantly connected
products, allowing them to better
gauge how customers use
products and tailor marketing
campaigns accordingly.
QUESTIONS?
The science of
today is the
technology of
tomorrow.
-Edward Teller
THANK YOU
FOR
LISTENING!