Miss.

Kinza Mehreen
Grade IV
Primary Science

Faisal Town Campus

Chapter 6
Electricity
 6.1
• Which materials
conduct
electricity
 Learning Outcomes

• Students should be
able to:
• Know some materials are good
electrical conductors, especially
metals, and some are good
electrical insulators.
 Warm-up

• Name the components which are required to make

an electric circuit?

• Draw a simple diagram of an electrical circuit.

• Label the conductor (wire) and insulator (coating) in
the circuit.
• What is the main difference between conductors and
insulators?

• Why do electrical wires have plastic or rubber coatings around

them?

• Can you think of any everyday items that use conductors and
insulators?
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 6.2

• Does water
conduct
electricity
 Learning Outcomes

• Investigate whether water conducts

electricity using a circuit
 Concept Recall

• How can we test to see if a material conducts electricity

or not?

• Why is it dangerous to use electrical appliances near

water?

• Is it safe to touch an electrical wire with wet hands? Why

or why not?
 Difference Between Impure Water and Distilled Water

Difference between Impure and Distilled

water
Property Impure Water Distilled Water
Water that has been
Water that contains purified by boiling and
Definition dissolved minerals, salts, then condensing the
and other impurities. steam, removing
impurities.
Contains various
Contains only H₂O
dissolved substances like
Composition (water) with almost no
salts, minerals, bacteria,
dissolved substances.
and chemicals.
Can conduct electricity Does not conduct
Conductivity due to dissolved minerals electricity well because it
and salts. has no dissolved ions.
Not pure; contains
Pure water with minimal
Purity contaminants and other
impurities.
 Experiment

• Investigate whether water conducts

electricity
Apparatus: a circuit with two 1.5 V cells in a cell
holder, a piece of plastic-coated wire, distilled
water, a beaker, two teaspoons of salt.
 Questions

• What conclusion can you make about whether water conducts electricity?

• Would your body be a good or a bad conductor of electricity? Explain why.

• Explain why it is not safe to touch the bare wires when the circuit is closed.

• Why is it dangerous to swim in the sea when there is a thunderstorm with

lightning?
 6.3
• Using
conductors and
insulators in
electrical
appliances
 Learning Outcomes

Students should be able to:

• Know that an electrical device will not work
if there is a break in the circuit.
 Key Terms
• Volt: A volt is a unit to measure the strength of electricity. Its symbol is
“V”.
• Voltage: We describe the strength of a supply of electricity as voltage.
• Cables (large wires) from where the electricity is made to where it is
used in homes, factories and offices. The voltage of electricity carried
by these cables is many thousands of volts.
• Mains electricity: Appliances like microwave ovens, electric kettles
and power drills use mains electricity. Mains electricity has a much
higher voltage than cells.
 Metals conduct electricity

• The parts of electrical appliances that let electricity

pass through are made of metal. For example, metal is
used for the pins in a plug. The pins allow electricity
to travel from the wall socket, through the plug, and
into an appliance such as a kettle or television.
 Plastic is a good insulator

• When we handle the plug, we only touch the cover. This is

made of plastic, which is a good insulator.

• Plastics are non-metallic substances.

• Its structure prevents the flow of electric current, making it an
ideal material for protecting wires, circuits, and other
electrical systems.
 Brainstorming Session
• Why is it important that the parts of an electrical appliance you
touch are made from insulating materials?
• Why is plastic used as an insulator in plugs, even though metals
are used for the pins?
• Explain how the role of a pylon in transmitting electricity differs
from that of a plug-in delivering electricity to an appliance?
• Why should you never place an electric wire under a carpet?
• How does electricity flowing between bare copper wires lead to a
fire hazard?
 6.4

Switches
 Learning Outcomes

• Describe how a simple

switch is used to open
and close a circuit.
 Quick Recall

• Name the components of an electric circuit?

• What is the role of a battery in an electric circuit?
• What is the purpose of a wire in an electric circuit?
 Role of a Switch in an
Electric Circuit
• A switch is another component in an electrical circuit.
• The switch turns the electric current on or off.
• A switch can control the flow of electricity by turning the
circuit on or off.

• To break the circuit, you broke the wire. A switch lets you
turn a lamp on and off when you like, without having to
break wires
• Open Circuit: A circuit
in which the path for
electricity is not complete,
so the current cannot flow.
The switch is off, creating a
break in the circuit.
• Closed Circuit: A
circuit in which the
path for electricity is
complete, allowing
the current to flow.
 Brainstorming Session
• Why do we use a metal paper
clip and metal drawing pins to
make the switch?
• Why do we use a wooden base
to make the switch?
• Suggest another material we
could use for the base.
• How do you close the circuit
with this switch?
 6.5

• Changing the
number of
components in
a circuit
 Learning Outcomes

• Students should be able to:

“Describe how changing the number or
type of components in a series circuit
can make a lamp brighter or dimmer?
 Recap

• What components have you used so far to build a

circuit?

• Where is the electricity in the circuit?

• What pushes the electricity around the circuit?
• What opens and closes the circuit?
 Batteries
• Each cell stores 1.5 V of electricity.
• When we have two or more of these cells connected
together, we call it a battery.
• Batteries are used in a circuit to provide electrical energy
that powers the components within the circuit.
 How Changing the Number or Type of
Components in a Circuit Affects Lamp
Brightness
1. Adding more components (e.g., light bulbs):
• Flow of electrical current decreases because the current
encounters more opposition.

• As the current decreases, less electrical energy reaches

the lamp, and as a result, the lamp will become dimmer.
1. Removing components (e.g., light bulbs)
• When you remove components, allowing more current to
flow through the circuit.
• With more current, the lamp receives more electrical
energy and becomes brighter.
 Recall

Scenario: In some older flashlights, multiple bulbs may be

connected in series to create a brighter light.

• When will the flashlight shine dimmer? Why.

• When will the flashlight shine brighter? Why.
 Questions
Learner's Book pg. 142
• Did the lamps shine more brightly or more dimly when you removed
one lamp from the circuit? Why do you think this happened?

• What happened when you used only one lamp and three cells in the
circuit? Why do you think this happened

• Did the lamps shine more brightly or more dimly when you removed
one cell from the circuit? Why do you think this happened?