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The document outlines the call setup procedure in a GSM network, detailing the roles of various components such as the Mobile Station, Base Station Subsystem, and Network Switching Subsystem. It describes the step-by-step process from the subscriber dialing a number to the establishment of a call, highlighting the functions of elements like the HLR, VLR, EIR, and AUC. Understanding this process is crucial for optimizing and troubleshooting GSM networks.

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P. R. K.
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8 views10 pages

Cen

The document outlines the call setup procedure in a GSM network, detailing the roles of various components such as the Mobile Station, Base Station Subsystem, and Network Switching Subsystem. It describes the step-by-step process from the subscriber dialing a number to the establishment of a call, highlighting the functions of elements like the HLR, VLR, EIR, and AUC. Understanding this process is crucial for optimizing and troubleshooting GSM networks.

Uploaded by

P. R. K.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Call Setup Procedure

in GSM
PRAJAKTA KHENAT : A-67
SAMRUDHHI KADAM : A-59
Key Elements in GSM Network
Mobile Station (MS) Base Station Subsystem (BSS) Network Switching
Subsystem (NSS)
• Base Transceiver Station (BTS)
• Mobile Equipment (ME)
• Base Station Controller (BSC) • Mobile Switching Center (MSC)
• SIM card
• Home Location Register (HLR)

• Visitor Location Register (VLR)

• Equipment Identity Register


(EIR).

• Authentication Center (AUC)

2
Mobile Station (MS) During Call Setup:
• The subscriber dials a number and initiates the call.
• The MS sends a call request to the nearest BTS.
• The SIM card provides the IMSI (International Mobile
Subscriber Identity) and MSISDN (Mobile Subscriber
ISDN Number) for authentication and identification.

Base Transceiver Station (BTS) During Call Setup


• The BTS receives the call request from the MS.
It forwards the request to the BSC (Base Station
Controller).
• The BTS handles encryption and modulation of the signal.

3
Base Station Controller (BSC) During Call
Setup
• The BSC receives the call request from the BTS
• It allocates a radio channel for the call.
• The BSC forwards the request to the MSC (Mobile
Switching Center).

Mobile Switching Center (MSC) During Call


Setup
• The MSC receives the call request from the BSC.
• It queries the HLR (Home Location Register) to verify
the caller’s details (e.g., account status, prepaid
balance).
• If the caller is authorized, the MSC requests the HLR to
locate the called party.
• It handles call routing between different MSCs if the
caller and called person are in different areas.
4
Home Location Register (HLR) During Call Setup
• The HLR receives a query from the MSC to verify the
caller’s details.
• It checks if the caller is authorized to make the call (e.g.,
sufficient balance, active account).
• The HLR provides the current MSC and VLR (Visitor
Location Register) details of the called party to the
MSC.

Visitor Location Register (VLR) During Call Setup


• The VLR provides the current location of the called
person to the MSC.
• It helps the MSC locate the called person within its
coverage area.
• The VLR also assists
in authentication and encryption tasks.
5
Equipment Identity Register (EIR) During Call Setup
• The EIR checks the IMEI (International Mobile
Equipment Identity) of the caller’s and called person’s
devices.
• It ensures the devices are not blacklisted or stolen.
• If the IMEI is valid, the call setup continues; otherwise, the
call is blocked.

Authentication Center (AUC) During Call Setup


• The AUC verifies the IMSI and authentication
key provided by the SIM card.
• It ensures that the subscriber is legitimate and not a
fraudster.
• The AUC generates encryption keys for secure
communication.
6
Gateway MSC (GMSC) During Call Setup
• It acts as a bridge between the GSM network and
external networks.
• When a mobile user calls a landline number or a
user on another network, the GMSC routes the call
to the appropriate external network.
• It ensures the call reaches the correct destination
outside the GSM network

Billing System During Call Setup


• Once the call is connected, the billing system starts
recording the call duration.
• After the call ends, the billing system calculates the
charges based on the call duration and the
subscriber’s plan.
7
Step-by-Step Call Setup Process
MS: When subscriber dials a number it sends call request to BTS and provides IMSI/MSISDN for authentication.

BTS: Receives the call request and forwards it to the BSC.

BSC: Allocates channel for call and forwards call request to the MSC.

MSC: Routes the call and queries HLR for subscriber details(e.g., account status, prepaid balance)

HLR: It checks if the caller is authorized to make the call (e.g., sufficient balance, active account)..

6 VLR: Tracks and provides the current location of the called party to the MSC.

7 EIR: checks IMEI of the caller's and called persony's devices to ensure they are not blacklisted.

8 AUC: Authenticates the subscriber and ensures secure communication.

9 MSC: Locates the called person and establishes a connection.

10 GMSC: If called person is on a different network, the GMSC routes the call to external network(.eg.PSTN)
8
Conclusion
• The call setup process in GSM involves
multiple network elements working
together.

• Each element has a specific role,


ensuring secure and efficient call
routing.

• Understanding this process is essential


for network optimization and
troubleshooting.

9
Thank You

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