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General Relativity

The document outlines a lesson on General Relativity, developed by Albert Einstein, which revolutionizes the understanding of gravity, space, and time. It covers key concepts such as the warping of spacetime, gravitational time dilation, and the implications of Einstein's theories in real-life scenarios, including GPS technology and the peculiar orbit of Mercury. The lesson aims to help students describe gravity, explain the consequences of General Relativity, and appreciate its impact on modern science.

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Jovien Francisco darauay
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17 views42 pages

General Relativity

The document outlines a lesson on General Relativity, developed by Albert Einstein, which revolutionizes the understanding of gravity, space, and time. It covers key concepts such as the warping of spacetime, gravitational time dilation, and the implications of Einstein's theories in real-life scenarios, including GPS technology and the peculiar orbit of Mercury. The lesson aims to help students describe gravity, explain the consequences of General Relativity, and appreciate its impact on modern science.

Uploaded by

Jovien Francisco darauay
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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GENERA

L
RELATIV
Quinnie Faye T. Egipto

ITY
Pre-Service Teacher
Observe!
Spacetime Curvature
General Relativity is
developed by Sir Albert
Einstein in 1915. It
revolutionizes our
understanding of space,
time and gravity.
Lesson
Objectives
At the end of the lesson, the students should
be able to:
A. describe gravity based on General
Relativity;
B. explain the consequences of the
postulates of General Relativity;
C. determine how General Relativity can be
observed in real life situation; and
D. appreciate the impact of Einstein’s
General Theory of Relativity in understanding
of gravity, space, and time.
Albert Einstein was a
German-born physicist
who developed the
theory of relativity and
won the 1921 Nobel
Prize for his work on the
photoelectric effect .
During
1907
Gravity is equivalent
to a uniformly
accelerated
reference frame and
served as the
backbone of his
General Theory of
Relativity.
Principle of
Equivalence
General Relativity
Deals with non-
inertial or
accelerating frames
of reference. In this
theory, Einstein did
not consider gravity
as a force but a
product of the
warping or curving
Spaceti
me
Spacetime
A four-dimensional
continuum composed of
the three-dimensional
space and one
dimension of time.
General Relativity
explains the warping
of space-time
quantitatively
defining how the
mass and energy of
a cosmic body
determines the
shape of space-time.
The greater the
mass of a cosmic
body, the greater
the distortion it will
Mercury Orbit
Perihelion is a point in a planet’s orbit
closest to the sun, while the aphelion
is the point farthest from the sun.
Mercury Orbit
Principles that
Govern the
General Relativity
Equivalence Principle, Curvature of Spacetime,
and Field Equations
Equivalenc
e Principle
The effects of
gravity are
locally
indistinguishabl
e from
acceleration.
Curvature of
Spacetime
Massive objects
cause
spacetime to
curve, and this
curvature
affects the
motion of other
Field
Equations
Einstein's field
equations
describe how
matter and
energy
determine the
curvature of
space-time.
Astronomic
al
Gravitational Time
Dilation
Hafele-Keating
Experiment in 1971

They placed atomic clocks on


airplanes traveling around the
world. Upon their return, the
clocks were compared to
those on the ground and
showed a measurable
difference, confirming time
dilation effects.
Time runs slower in slower
gravitational fields
Gravitational
Lensing
Arthur Eddington in
1919

Observed that starlight


passing near the Sun was
bent, shifting the apparent
position of the stars. This
confirmed Einstein’s
predictions.
Arthur Eddington
Arthur Eddington in 1919

A British Astronomer, who


conducted two expeditions. He
followed Einstein’s suggestion
that photographic
observations can be done
during a solar eclipse. The two
expeditions are both
successful, revealing the stars
near the sun were indeed
displaced which proves that
light bends around a massive
Gravitational
Lensing
Arthur Eddington in
1919

Observed that starlight


passing near the Sun was
bent, shifting the apparent
position of the stars. This
confirmed Einstein’s
predictions.
Are a region of space where gravity is so strong
Black that nothing, not even light can escape from it.
It forms when a massive star collapses under its
Holes own gravity at the end of its life cycle.
Expansion of the Universe
Edwin Hubble’s
observations in the 1920s
showed that distant
galaxies are moving away
from us, with their light
being redshifted. This
supports the idea that the
universe is expanding, as
predicted by Einstein’s
equations.
Edwin Hubble
Hubble ultimately proved
that galaxies are, in fact,
moving away from us. By
studying the light emitted
from various galaxies,
Hubble discovered that
the light appeared
displaced toward the red
end of the spectrum.
Peculiar Orbit of Mercury
The mercury’s closest
point to the Sun
changes lightly with
each orbit which is
explained by
Newton’s gravity and
the pull from other
planets.
GPS
The Global Positioning System
(GPS) requires corrections for
gravitational time dilation to
function accurately. Modern
research continues to test Einstein’s
theory under extreme conditions,
such as in neutron stars and black
holes, to refine our understanding
of gravity and spacetime.
Recap!
Proponen
t of
General
Relativity
Recap!
Proponen
t of
General
Relativity
Recap!
How did
the gravity
work in
General Instead of pulling objects
Relativity? directly, massive objects like
the Sun bend spacetime, and
other objects (like planets)
follow curved paths in that
spacetime like marbles rolling
on a stretched fabric
Recap!
General
Relativity
Einstein’s theory that
explains gravity as the
curving of spacetime
caused by mass and
energy, rather than as a
force between objects.
Recap!
Key effects or observation in general
relativity
Time slows down in stronger gravity
(Gravitational Time Dilation).
Light bends near massive objects
(Gravitational Lensing).
Mercury’s orbit shifts due to spacetime
curvature (Perihelion Precession).
Gravity affects light’s wavelength
(Gravitational Redshift).
Recap!
What is the importance of
General Relativity
It revolutionized our
understanding of gravity, leading
to modern technologies (like GPS)
and helping us understand black
holes, the expanding universe, and
Activity: "The Curved Path - Bending
Objective: Spacetime"
To visualize how gravity bends spacetime.
To understand why objects move along curved paths near
massive bodies.
Instruction: To observe spacetime curvature, follow the
procedure as I read it while you sketch.
Materials Needed:
1. A blank sheet of paper
2. A pencil or pen
3. A round object (like a coin or small ball)
Procedure:
-Draw a Straight Line
1.On the paper, draw a long, straight
line.
2.Explain that this represents how
an object (like a planet or light)
moves in flat spacetime, unaffected
by gravity.
Procedure:
-Place an Object on the Paper
1.Put a coin (or any small round
object) in the center of the
paper.
2.This represents a massive
body like a star or planet, which
warps spacetime.
Procedure:
-Draw Around the Object
1.Instead of drawing another straight line, try to
curve the path as it gets close to the object.
2.This represents how spacetime curves near
massive objects, causing things to move along a
bent trajectory instead of a straight line.
Bonus Challenge:
3.Try drawing paths at different distances from the
object.
Follow-Up Question

Discussion & Real-Life Connection


1. Why do planets orbit the Sun?
2. Explain how light bends around
stars.
3. What did you observe? Apply the
concept to gravity?
Activity 1: Exit Ticket
Using the learnings you have in this lesson, explain,
"Why do astronauts on the International Space
Station age slightly faster than people on Earth?" in
less than 100 words.

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