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The document provides an overview of Artificial Intelligence (AI), detailing its fundamental concepts, applications across various industries, and ethical challenges. Key components of AI include machine learning, natural language processing, and robotics, while types of AI are categorized into narrow, general, and superintelligent AI. It also discusses machine learning techniques and emphasizes the importance of ethical considerations in AI development and deployment.

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7 views

NOTE

The document provides an overview of Artificial Intelligence (AI), detailing its fundamental concepts, applications across various industries, and ethical challenges. Key components of AI include machine learning, natural language processing, and robotics, while types of AI are categorized into narrow, general, and superintelligent AI. It also discusses machine learning techniques and emphasizes the importance of ethical considerations in AI development and deployment.

Uploaded by

yomidebela
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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What is Artificial Intelligence (AI)?

• Objectives

• At the end of the lesson, students will be able to:


1.Understand the Basics of AI: Explain the fundamental concepts of
Artificial Intelligence, including machine learning, neural networks,
and data analysis.
2.Identify AI Applications and its Types : Recognize real-world
applications of AI across various industries like healthcare, finance,
education, and entertainment.
3.Understand challenges of AI Ethics: Discuss the ethical
considerations of AI, such as privacy, bias, and fairness in AI systems.

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What is Artificial Intelligence (AI)?

• Artificial Intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation


of human intelligence by machines, particularly
computer systems.
• It involves designing systems that can perform tasks
typically requiring human intelligence, such as
learning, reasoning, problem-solving, understanding
natural language, and perception.
• AI systems aim to mimic or improve upon human
cognitive functions through advanced algorithms
and computational models.

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Benefits of AI:
• Automates repetitive tasks, improving efficiency
and productivity.
• Enhances decision-making with data-driven
insights.
• Improves accessibility and convenience in daily life.

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Key Components of AI:

1.Machine Learning (ML):


Involves training algorithms to learn patterns from data and make
predictions or decisions without being explicitly programmed.
1. Examples: Image recognition, recommendation systems.
2.Natural Language Processing (NLP):
 Enables machines to understand, interpret, and respond to human language.
 Examples: Chatbots, language translation tools.
3.Computer Vision:
• Focuses on enabling machines to interpret and analyze visual data from the
world.
• Examples: Facial recognition, object detection.
4.Robotics:
• Combines AI with physical machines to perform tasks, often autonomously.
• Examples: Industrial robots, self-driving cars.

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5.Expert Systems:
• Designed to mimic decision-making abilities of a human expert in specific
domains.
• Examples: Medical diagnosis tools, fraud detection.
6.Deep Learning:
• A subset of machine learning that uses neural networks with multiple layers to
process large amounts of data.
• Examples: Voice assistants, real-time translation.
• Neural Network A Neural Network is a computational model inspired
by the way biological neural networks (such as the human brain)
process information.
• It is a key component of deep learning, which is a subset of machine
learning. Neural networks are used to recognize patterns, make
predictions, classify data, and solve various complex tasks,
particularly in fields like image recognition, natural language
processing, and speech recognition.

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Types of AI
1.Narrow AI (Weak AI):
1. Designed for specific tasks and operates under limited parameters.
2. Examples: Virtual assistants like Siri, recommendation algorithms.
2.General AI (Strong AI):
Hypothetical AI that can perform any intellectual task a human can do, with
reasoning and problem-solving capabilities.
Currently, this is a goal and not yet realized.
3.Super intelligent AI:
Theoretical AI that surpasses/ exceeds human intelligence across all fields.
This is a futuristic concept with significant ethical considerations.
• Reactive AI is the most basic type of Artificial Intelligence. It is
designed to respond to specific inputs with predefined outputs.
Reactive AI systems do not have memory or the ability to learn from
past experiences; they operate purely based on the current situation.
Chess-playing AI (e.g., IBM's Deep Blue):

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Applications of AI:
• Healthcare: Diagnosis, personalized medicine, and robotic surgery.
• Finance: Fraud detection, stock market predictions, and automated trading.
• Education: Adaptive learning platforms and virtual tutors.
• Transportation: Self-driving vehicles and traffic optimization.
• Entertainment: Content recommendations on platforms like
• Netflix --A video streaming platform that offers movies, TV shows, documentaries,
and original content.
• Spotify- A music streaming platform that provides access to millions of songs,
podcasts, and playlists.

• Scientific Research :AI aids scientists in data analysis, simulation, and pattern
recognition, accelerating research in various fields, including astronomy, physics, and biology
• Turing Test The Turing Test is a method of inquiry in Artificial Intelligence
(AI) proposed by Alan Turing in 1950 to determine whether a machine
can exhibit intelligent behavior equivalent to, or indistinguishable from,
that of a human.

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How the Turing Test Works:

1.There are three participants:


1. A human judge (interrogator).
2. A human respondent.
3. A machine (AI) pretending to be a human.
2.The human judge interacts with both the machine and the human via
text-based communication (to remove visual or auditory biases).
3.The goal is for the machine to convince the judge that it is human.
1. If the machine successfully deceives the judge more than 30% of the time,
it is said to have passed the Turing Test.

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• Challenges and Ethical Concerns:
• Unfairness/ bias in Algorithms: Decisions made by AI may reflect biases
in the training data.
• Job Displacement: Automation could reduce demand for certain jobs.
• It occurs when workers are replaced by machines, software, or more
efficient processes, leading to shifts in employment patterns.
• Privacy Issues: Data collection for AI systems may compromise user
privacy.
• Ethical Use: Concerns about misuse, such as in surveillance or warfare.
• In summary, AI is transforming industries and everyday life with its
powerful capabilities, but its ethical use and impact must be carefully
managed.

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Types of Machine Learning Techniques

• There are three main types of machine learning techniques: supervised


learning, unsupervised learning, and reinforcement learning.
1.supervised learning, the model is trained on a labeled dataset, meaning
the input data is paired with the correct output (label). The model learns to
map inputs to outputs based on this data and can predict outcomes for
unseen data.
2. Unsupervised Learning: unsupervised learning, the model is given
unlabeled data and must find patterns or structures within the data without
prior knowledge of the output. The goal is to discover hidden patterns or
groupings.
Reinforcement Learning Reinforcement learning (RL) involves training an
agent to make a series of decisions by interacting with an environment. The
agent learns by receiving feedback in the form of rewards or punishments
based on its actions, and its goal is to maximize cumulative rewards over
time.
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Python
• Python is a widely used, high-level, interpreted programming
language known for its simplicity and readability. It is a versatile
language that can be used for a variety of tasks, ranging from web
development to data analysis, machine learning, artificial intelligence
(AI), automation, and more.

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