CHAPTER

4
LAND
TRANSPORTAION
Learning Objectives:

 Differentiate the various forms of land transportation

 Explain the advantages and disadvantages of the different land transportation
 Identify the land transportation policies
 Discuss the brief history of road-based transportation and rail passenger
service in the Philippines
 Describe the forms of road-based passenger transport
 Identify the categories of road-based and rail passenger service
 Identify the major rail transportation
 Name some of the trends in road-based and rail transportation
 Land
transport

Road Rail
transport transport

Automobiles Scheduled rail

Safari/recreation
Scheduled/regular Coach services Car rentals
services services Tourist trains
bus Charter services Taxi services
Mobile caravans High speed Luxury trains
Intercity Hop-on hop off Personal cars
RV’s trains Heritage rail
City/urban services Vintage buses Limousine
Safari vehicle Express trains service
Local services Rental coaches services
services Passenger trains
Commuter services
Car-carrying
Airport services
trains
 Advantages Disadvantages
Automobil • Routing is flexible It requires: parking space
e • Baggage or luggage handling can be free of toll fees
stress maintenance
expenses
fuel cost
driving by car can be
tiring
Rail • Fare can be inexpensive Routing is not flexible
• It is quite stress free
• There is an opportunity for scenic viewing There is a minimal space for
• There is a specious legroom storing luggage
• There is a strategic rail station location
Historical Development of Land
Transportation
17TH Century Blais Pascal recognized the need for passenger transport as the majority of
the population could not afford their carrieges. He invented the first vehicle
that resembled a bus in a form of horse-drawn capable of carrying eight
passengers

1662 Pascal, together with Marquis de Crenan and Duke de Roannez, founded a
transport company utilizing their seven carriages. They had a regular service
and Paris

End of 17th Century Similar horse-drawn coach transport was being utilized in Paris, London and
Berlin

1826 The first coach line was founded in Nantes, France

1827 USA followed, and it was operated by Abraham Brower along Broadway in
New York City

1828 General des voitures dites was founded by Baundry and its operation was
within Paris

1886 Karl Benz introduced the gasoline-powered automobile in Mannheim

Germany

1898 It was when the first motorized omnibus was used for tourism

19th Century Europe and North America utilized motorized buses

20th Century Technologically advanced automobile was introduced in the market

 Road based Tourist transport

 Automobiles are defined as four wheeled vehicles used for passenger transportation.
 Historically, automobiles were converted motor carriers utilized to transport people and goods after
the World War.
 Public passengers find land transportation appealing for the following reasons according to Goeldner
et al. (2009):
 Control of route and stop en route
 Control of departure time
 Ability to carry baggage and equipment easily
 A possible use for accommodation
 Privacy
 Freedom to use the automobile in and around a destination
 Low priced out-of-pocket expenses
Car Rentals

 In tourism, car rentals also known as car hire, and

rents-car, plays a significant part in providing leisure
travel to tourists.
 They offer their services to major tourism suppliers in
the industry such as airlines, hotels, travel agencies an
tour operators.
 Thus, having a good relationship with these suppliers is
essential in the business.
This type of Land-based transport is often considered due
to the following reasons (Mancin, 2013):

 It allows the tourists to get around the location easily

 It is the best way for tourists to experience the place
 It allows tourists to experience the place
 Tourists prefer driving while in vacation
 Tourists want to try out a car
 It allows tourists to save money
 Here are some of the cars that
passengers can rent (Mancini,
2013) :
 Subcompact or economy- a very small car with s few amenities, comfort, or options.
Usually, it is preferred by price-sensitive customers.
 Compact- a small car that is quite bigger and more comfortable than those of
subcompact cars.
 Mid-size or intermediate- is a moderately small car that can accommodate at least 3 to
4 people comfortably.
 Full-sized or standard- is also termed as a “family car” which can accommodate 3,4 or
more people with more room and with ample amenities and trunk space.
 Premium- is a superior of full-sized car but not as not luxurious as the luxury or deluxe
category.
 Luxury or deluxe- is characterized as grand and specious and gives more comfort, also,
it can create a prestigious image for its user.
 Specialty- cars like SUV’s, convertible, vans, minivans, jeeps, trucks, sports car and exotic
super luxury cars
 Motorcoaches- common term that refers to “bus” a huge vehicle that can carry uotp
20 or more passengers.
 Also referred to as “motor coach” meaning it is “passenger road motor vehicle
designed to seat atleast 24 or more persons”
 Types of bus services

Special regular
Regular Service Occasional services
services

- Schools and employee

bus transportation
-urban transit -charter bus industry
-other ground passenger
- inter-urban and rural transportation - Scenic sightseeing
bus transportation tranportation
Types of Bus Services According to
Gross and Klemmer (2014)

Aside from considering the fare or cost of transport service, passengers

may select from the different bus services categorized in the figure
above.

1. Regular Services - This type of bus services include inter-urban and

rural transportation and urban transit systems.
2. Special Regular Services - This type of bus services cater to schools,
employees, and other ground passenger transportation (shuttle).
3. Occasional Services - This type of bus service offers charter buses
and scenic sightseeing transportation, which are commonly sought
transport services in the tourism industry (Gross & Klemmer, 2014).
 Types of bus services

Regular Service Special regular services Occasional services

- Schools and employee

bus transportation
-urban transit -charter bus industry
-other ground passenger
- inter-urban and rural bus transportation - Scenic sightseeing
transportation tranportation
Types of Bus Services According to Gross and Klemmer
(2014)

Aside from considering the fare or cost of transport service,

passengers may select from the different bus services
categorized in the figure above.

1. Regular Services - This type of bus services include inter-

urban and rural transportation and urban transit
systems.
2. Special Regular Services - This type of bus services cater
to schools, employees, and other ground passenger
transportation (shuttle).
3. Occasional Services - This type of bus service offers
charter buses and scenicsightseeing transportation,
which are commonly sought transport services inthe
In tourism, this is highly utilized for exclusive groups or charter tours in
transporting
tourists to and from the airport and to their tour around the city, and it
offers a great
opportunity to enjoy sightseeing while on-board the bus without worrying
about traffic
and which route to take (Goeldner & Richie, 2012). Tourists choose various
modes of transport, including tour coaches, motorcoaches, commuter
buses, school buses, double-decker buses, trolleybuses, minibuses,
articulated trams, road trains, and midi buses, based on comfort, value for
money, total experience, ease of access, interpersonal relationships, and
sightseeing opportunities. However, some people avoid bus transport due
to tiring journeys, limited space, time-consuming travel, and lack of
sleeping facilities. Technological advancements have improved bus
transport services, offering amenities like restrooms, Wi-Fi, wider legroom,
modern entertainment equipment, and sleeping facilities. Coach tours cater
to diverse markets, offering hassle-free transfers, convenient stops, easy
access, great value for money, comfortable group sizes, and nonstop
sightseeing.
Motorcoach as an Attraction
There are motor coaches that are inviting, attract
tourists, and create a memorable tour. Among
these are:

Hop-on, Hop-off (also known as "step on, step

off")
This motorcoach gives it passenger liberty and
opportunity to explore the city by allowing them
to get off the bus and get on to another bus for a
day or a certain period. Hop-on, hop-off follows a
route with designated stops (Travel-industry-
dictionary).For instance, a tourist who avails of
this service may decide to disembark the coach in
one designated stop, independently explore the
place and embark again in another bus for the
next route.

Vintage Buses
This type of coach gives a tourist a memorable
experience to be onboard the restored
Double-decker Buses
This is a two-deck or two-story bus that
iscapable to seat between 60-120 passengers.
This is commonly used in the United Kingdom,
Europe,and Asia. In the Philippines, there are
few double-decker buses available.

Rotel
It is also referred to as "rolling hotel" or
"hotelon wheels." It is a coach plus hotel in one.
It consistsof a semi-private sleeping area.
Passengers canenjoy sightseeing in the morning
in front of the busand can take a good rest at
night in the rear part ofthe bus (Salton, 2010).
In Germany, Rotel Tours is apopular company
running this kind of business.
Recreational Vehicles or RV
is a vehicle with a provision for a living area
that is used for traveling, camping, or
recreation. Itis also termed as a motorhome
or towable (trailers and truck campers)
(Dileep, 2019). There are various types of RVs
that you can use for vacation;these are travel
trailers, truck bed-campers, and motorhomes
(Nishitha, 2017).

Cycling and Tourism Bicycle

is a non-motorized land-based transport. It is
also considered an alternative andsustainable
to way go around the city and visit tourist
attractions. The increasing popularity of
cycling on domestic tourists leads to the
development of cycle paths in built
attractions (Dileep, 2019), along with bicycle
rentals.