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Reduce Data Redundancy

Normalization is a process of organizing data in a database to prevent redundancy and anomalies. It involves structuring data into tables and includes various forms such as 1NF, 2NF, and 3NF, each with specific rules to ensure data integrity. The document outlines the definitions and rules for different normal forms, emphasizing the importance of eliminating partial and transitive dependencies.

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raagaqaran1988
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5 views11 pages

Reduce Data Redundancy

Normalization is a process of organizing data in a database to prevent redundancy and anomalies. It involves structuring data into tables and includes various forms such as 1NF, 2NF, and 3NF, each with specific rules to ensure data integrity. The document outlines the definitions and rules for different normal forms, emphasizing the importance of eliminating partial and transitive dependencies.

Uploaded by

raagaqaran1988
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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SUBJECT : DBMS II

TOPIC : REDUCE DATA


REDUNDANCY: NORMALIZATION

Lecturer Name: YAHYE


ADAM
DEFINE NORMALIZATION

Normalization can be defined as :-


• A process of organizing the data in database to avoid data redundancy, insertion anomaly,
update anomaly & deletion anomaly.

• A process of organizing data into tables in such a way that the results of using the database are
always unambiguous and as intended. Such normalization is intrinsic to relational database
FULL JOIN
theory.

• It may have the effect of duplicating data within the database and often results in the creation
of additional tables.
TYPES OF NORMALIZATION

• First Normal Form (1 NF)


• Second Normal Form (2NF)
• Third Normal Form (3NF)
• Boyce-Codd Normal Form (BCNF)
FULL JOIN
• Fourth Normal Form (4NF)
• Fifth Normal Form (5NF)
FIRST NORMAL FORM (1NF)

Normal Forms:
• All attributes depend on the key, the whole key and nothing but the key.

• 1NF Keys and no repeating groups


FULL JOIN
• 2NF No partial dependencies
• 3NF All determinants are candidate keys
FIRST NORMAL FORM (1NF)

First Normal Form: This table is not in first form


because the “Roll No“ column
contains different Values.
Roll No Name Name Course
101 John Larry C, C++ Rule

FULL JOIN
102 Jack Lee Java • Each column should have a unique
name.
John Tony Tom C, C#
• Each Column should contain values that
are the same type.

• Each Column should contain atomic


values
FIRST NORMAL FORM (1NF)

Example:

Roll No Name Course Roll No Name Course


101 John C, C++ 101 John C
102 Jack Java
FULL
102 JOINJack Java
103 Tony C

103 Tony C, C# 101 John C++


103 Tony C#

VIOLATION OF
A 1NF This Table is in the 1NF
SECOND NORMAL FORM (2NF)

Rule
Roll No Name Course
101 John C • The Data should be in the first normal form 1NF
FULL
102
JOINJack Java
• Table should only contain a data about one type
103 Tony C
thing
101 John C++
103 Tony C# • If there is more than one type of thing, the data
should be split into separate tables
SECOND NORMAL FORM (2NF)
Student
Roll No Name
101 John Enrollment
102 Jack Roll No CourseID Faculty
103 Tony 101 GU299 ICT
102 GU487 Computer Sc
FULL JOIN 103 GU345 Software Eng
Course
101 GU299 Telecom
CourseID CourseName 102 GU345 Statistics
GU299 C++
GU487 C#
GU345 Java
Third NORMAL FORM (2NF)

Rule:

• 1NF, 2NF must achieved

• No transitive dependencies

• Transitive dependency means that a non-key


attribute depends on another non-key
attribute(s).

This definition says nothing about dependencies


that involve the key.
Third NORMAL FORM (3NF)
Student Faculty
Roll No Name FacultyID FacultyName
101 John GU-SWE Software eng
102 Jack GU-CS Computer Sc
103 Tony GU-IT ICT

FULL JOIN Enrollment


Course Roll No CourseID FacultyID

CourseID CourseName 101 GU299 GU-SWE

GU299 C++ 102 GU487 GU-SC

GU487 C# 103 GU345 GU-SC


101 GU299 GU-ICT
GU345 Java
102 GU345 GU-SWE
THE END
THANKS!

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