7th International Conference on Advances in Civil
Engineering (ICACE)
A COMPREHENSIVE STUDY ON THE
HYDROLOGICAL SYSTEM OF KHULNA
CITY FOR ENHANCED DRAINAGE SOLUTIONS AT
KUET CAMPUS
AUTHORS
RAISA TABASSUM*- Undergraduate Student of KUET
MOHD. YOUSUF - Undergraduate Student of KUET
JERIN MAHPARA TAHSIN - Undergraduate Student of KUET
Paper ID: 309 ICACE 2024 1
INTRODUCTION
A stormwater drainage system is a network of channels, pipes, and other
infrastructure designed to collect, transport, and manage excess rainwater
(stormwater) to prevent flooding and waterlogging in urban areas. These systems
are crucial for maintaining cities’ functionality and protecting infrastructure, public
health, and the environment.
Advanced hydrological analysis plays a crucial role in designing, managing, and
optimizing stormwater drainage systems, including:
Hydrologic Modeling and Simulation
Optimization of Drainage Design
Accurate Rainfall and Runoff Estimation
Flood Risk Management
Paper ID: 309 ICACE 2024 2
INTRODUCTION (Contd.)
Water contribution to the stormwater drainage system
Rainwater Runoff
Polluted Stormwater
Domestic Wastewater
Urban & Street Runoff
Paper ID: 309 ICACE 2024 3
OBJECTIVES
To show current drainage conditions due to heavy rainfall
To assess the drainage capacity and domestic wastewater formation
To do a hydrological analysis according to the Khulna region
Paper ID: 309 ICACE 2024 4
METHODOLOGY
OVERVIEW
Study Area Selection
Meteorological Data Collection
Short Duration Rainfall Calculation
4 Population Data Collection
Paper ID: 309 ICACE 2024 5
METHODOLOGY (Contd.)
Why does KUET require a proper stormwater drainage system to redesign?
Increased Rainfall Intensity and Climate Change
Campus Expansion and Urbanization
Flooding and Waterlogging Issue
Increased Demand for Sustainable and Resilient
Infrastructure
Paper ID: 309 ICACE 2024 6
METHODOLOGY (Contd.)
Fig.1: Study area from Google Earth Pro (Khulna University of Engineering & Technology)
Paper ID: 309 ICACE 2024 7
METHODOLOGY (Contd.)
How It Seems If A Few mm of Rainfall Occurs for Several Hours Over This Area?
Fig.2: Water Logging After Heavy Rainfall for Several Hours Over the Watershed
The Pictures were captured on 12th July, 2024.
Duration: 4hrs.
Record for that day: 64mm (Source: BMD)
Paper ID: 309 ICACE 2024 8
METHODOLOGY (Contd.)
Meteorological Data Collection
Annual maximum Daily rainfall data from BMD.
Table 1: Annual Max. Avg Rainfall from 1st January 1990 to 30th June, 2024
Year Annual Max. Daily Year Annual Max. Daily
Rainfall Rainfall
1990 436 2008 379
1991 342 2009 357
1992 254 2010 180
1993 288 2011 387
1994 210 2012 391
1995 356 2013 430
1996 223 2014 394
1997 456 2015 922
1998 343 2016 413
1999 420 2017 690
2000 410 2018 264
2001 272 2019 335
2002 360 2020 243
2003 287 2021 525
2004 621 2022 650
2005 435 2023 266
2006 579 2024 305
2007 591
Paper ID: 309 ICACE 2024 9
METHODOLOGY (Contd.)
Short Duration of Rainfall Calculation:
In hydrological studies and drainage system
design, short-duration rainfall events are crucial
for Peak Runoff Calculation & Urban Flooding
For Khulna Station - short-duration rainfall of
5, 10,15,30, 60,120, 720, and 1440 minutes
(converted into hours) is calculated
Annual Maximum Daily Rainfall has been
extracted from meteorological data for the last
35 years.
Finally this was calculated for 24 hours span.
Paper ID: 309 ICACE 2024 10
METHODOLOGY (Contd.)
Population Data Collection
Total Population Residing In the Study Area from the Administration Section
Table 2: Residents of KUET
Place of Living Nos. Of Population (approx.)
Teacher’s & Officer’s Quarter 3191
Residential Halls (UG &PG) 5700
Total 8891
Paper ID: 309 ICACE 2024 11
RESULTS & DISCUSSION
OVERVIEW
1. Intensity-Distribution-Frequency Curve Formation
2. Drainage Capacity Assessment
3. Water Demand Calculation
4. Population Projection, Wastewater Estimation, and
Peak Wastewater Determination
Paper ID: 309 ICACE 2024 12
RESULTS & DISCUSSION (Contd.)
Intensity-Distribution-Frequency
Curve Formation
IDF Curve
10000
Using Gumbel's Distribution
Rainfall Intensity, mm/hr)
1000
Equation,
100 Yt=-ln(ln(T/(T-1)) … … (1)
10
Gumbel's Frequency Factor,
kt =(Yt-Yn)/Sn … … (2)
1
0.01 0.1 1 10 100 And the Data from short-
Time (hrs)
duration rainfall.
2 yr 10 yr 25 yr 50 yr
75 yr 100 yr 1.1yr 5yr
Paper ID: 309 ICACE 2024 13
RESULTS & DISCUSSION (Contd.)
Drainage Capacity Assessment
The adopted watershed is divided into some Sub-Catchments:
8
9
3
2
5
10
4
7 6
Fig.4: Sub-catchments and their Areas Using Arc-GIS PRO
Paper ID: 309 ICACE 2024 14
RESULTS & DISCUSSION (Contd.)
Drainage Capacity Assessment (Contd.)
Modified Rational Method
Q(m3/s) = (Cs*Cr*A*I)/3.6 (Where, Cs= Storage Coefficient= 0.7, residential areas with detached houses, Cr=
0.4)
Table 3: Peak Discharge of the Sub-Catchment Areas
Sub-Catchment Area, A (m2) Peak Discharge, Q (m3/s)
1 0.000017 0.000011
2 0.095 0.063
3 0.024 0.016
4 0.058 0.038
5 0.0083 0.005
6 0.0061 0.004
7 0.0062 0.004
8 0.0059 0.004
9 0.000017 0.000011
10 0.0015 0.000991
Paper ID: 309 ICACE 2024 15
RESULTS & DISCUSSION (Contd.)
Water Demand Calculation
Per capita water demand:
• Average daily water use per year.
• Calculated by dividing yearly demand by 365.
• Yearly average daily demand equals annual average daily demand.
Qf = Pf*R … … (3)
Where, Qf = water requirement per day
Pf = projected population estimation
R = water consumption rate per day= 110 according to WHO
Paper ID: 309 ICACE 2024 16
RESULTS & DISCUSSION (Contd.)
Population Projection, Wastewater Estimation, and Peak Wastewater Determination
Water Demand, Qf =G = Pf*R; R = water consumption rate per day= 110lpcd (WHO),
Wastewater Generation, G´= n*G; n= return factor= 70% (taken)
Peak wastewater (m3/s/km2) = (G´*0.16* 1000000) / (A*3600*1000); A= 0.46km^2
Table 4: Population Projection, Generated Wastewater and Peak Wastewater Estimation
Year Population Water Demand, G Wastewater, G´ Peak Wastewater
(ML/day) (ML/day) (m3/s/km2)
2024 8891 1.02 0.72 0.0692
2034 9919 1.14 0.79 0.0771
2044 11066 1.27 0.89 0.0861
2054 12345 1.42 0.99 0.0960
Paper ID: 309 ICACE 2024 17
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Paper ID: 309 ICACE 2024 18
“I’ve gone to see the mountains, the oceans I’ve been to view.
But I haven’t seen with these eyes
What two steps from my home lies
On a sheaf of paddy grain, a glistening drop of dew.”
– Rabindranath Tagore
