APA 7
TH
EDITION STYLE
GUIDE
GENERAL FORMATTING
GUIDELINES
Font: Use a readable font, such as 12-point Times New
Roman, 11-point Arial, or 11-point Calibri.
• Margins: Use 1-inch margins on all sides.
• Line Spacing: Double-space all text (including
references) and use a hanging indent for each reference
(the first line is flush left, and subsequent lines are
indented).
• Order: Arrange entries in alphabetical order by the
surname of the first author.
• DOI and URLs: Include a DOI if available. For online
sources, include the full URL without a period at the end. 2
REFERENCE CITATION
1. BOOK
Format:
Author, A. A. (Year). Title of the book:
Subtitle if any. Publisher.
Example:
Smith, J. A. (2020). Understanding
psychology: An introduction to the field.
Psychology Press. 4
2. JOURNAL ARTICLE
Format:
Author, A. A. (Year). Title of the article. Title of the
Journal, Volume(Issue), Page range.
https://doi.org/xx.xxx/yyyy
Example:
Johnson, L. M., & Lee, R. (2021). The impact of social
media on mental health. Journal of Psychology, 45(3),
210-220. https://doi.org/10.1234/jpsyc.2021.00321
5
3. Chapter in an Edited Book
Format:
Author, A. A. (Year). Title of the chapter. In E. E.
Editor (Ed.), Title of the book (pp. page range).
Publisher.
Example:
Williams, T. C. (2019). Cognitive behavior therapy
for anxiety. In R. K. Brown (Ed.), Innovations in
therapy (pp. 45-67). Therapy Publishers. 6
4. Online Source
Format:
Author, A. A. (Year, Month Day). Title of the
webpage. Website Name. URL
Example:
Taylor, S. (2023, July 15). The future of
renewable energy. Energy Insights.
https://www.energyinsights.com/future-
renewable-energy
7
5. Report
Format:
Organization Name. (Year). Title of the report
(Report No. xxx). URL
Example:
World Health Organization. (2022). Global report
on health and aging (Report No.
WHO/HR/22.123).
https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/health-
and-aging-2022 8
6. NEWSPAPER ARTICLE
Format:
Author, A. A. (Year, Month Day). Title of the
article. Title of the Newspaper. URL
Example:
Brown, J. (2023, March 10). Innovations in urban
planning. The New York Times.
https://www.nytimes.com/2023/03/10/us/urban-
planning-innovations.html 9
7. THESIS / DISSERTATION
Format:
Author, A. A. (Year). Title of the dissertation
(Publication No. [if available]) [Doctoral
dissertation, Name of Institution]. Name of
Database.
Example:
Smith, J. R. (2020). The impact of social media on
adolescent mental health (Publication No. 123456)
[Doctoral dissertation, University of Example].
ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global. 10
7. THESIS / DISSERTATION
Format:
Author, A. A. (Year). Title of the dissertation
(Publication No. [if available]) [Doctoral dissertation,
Name of Institution]. Name of Database.
Example:
Smith, J. R. (2020). The impact of social media on
adolescent mental health (Publication No.
123456) [Doctoral dissertation, University of
Example]. ProQuest Dissertations & Theses
Global. 11
OVERCOMING
NERVOUSNESS
Confidence-building strategies
ENGAGING THE
AUDIENCE
Make eye contact with your audience to create a sense
of intimacy and involvement
Weave relatable stories into your presentation using
narratives that make your message memorable and
impactful
Encourage questions and provide thoughtful responses
to enhance audience participation
Use live polls or surveys to gather audience opinions,
promoting engagement and making sure the audience
feel involved
13
SELECTING
VISUAL AIDS
Enhancing your presentation
14
EFFECTIVE DELIVERY
TECHNIQUES
Voice modulation is a powerful tool in Effective body language enhances
public speaking. It involves varying your message, making it more
pitch, tone, and volume to convey impactful and memorable:
emotion, emphasize points, and
maintain interest: • Meaningful eye contact
• Pitch variation • Purposeful gestures
• Tone inflection • Maintain good posture
• Volume control • Control your expressions
15
NAVIGATING Q&A
SESSIONS
• Know your material Maintaining composure during the
in advance Q&A session is essential for projecting
confidence and authority. Consider
• Anticipate common the following tips for staying
questions composed:
• Rehearse • Stay calm
your responses
• Actively listen
• Pause and reflect
• Maintain eye contact
16
SPEAKING IMPACT
• Your ability to communicate effectively will leave a lasting
impact on your audience
• Effectively communicating involves not only delivering a
message but also resonating with the experiences, values,
and emotions of those listening
17
DYNAMIC DELIVERY
• Learn to infuse energy into
your delivery to leave a lasting Metric Measurement Target Actual
impression
Audience
• One of the goals of effective # of attendees 150 120
attendance
communication is to motivate
your audience Engagement
Minutes 60 75
duration
Q&A
# of questions 10 15
interaction
Positive
Percentage (%) 90 95
feedback
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FINAL TIPS & TAKEAWAYS
Consistent rehearsal 1. Seek feedback
• Practice makes perfect, so strengthen your 2. Reflect on
familiarity with the presentation performance
Refine delivery style 3. Explore new
• Pacing, tone, and emphasis techniques
Timing and transitions 4. Set personal goals
• Aim for seamless, professional delivery 5. Iterate and adapt
Practice audience
• Enlist colleagues to listen & provide feedback
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SPEAKING ENGAGEMENT
METRICS
Impact factor Measurement Target Achieved
Audience interaction Percentage (%) 85 88
Knowledge retention Percentage (%) 75 80
Post-presentation surveys Average rating 4.2 4.5
Referral rate Percentage (%) 10 12
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THANK YOU
Brita Tamm
502-555-0152
[email protected]
www.firstupconsultants.com
22
Reference
Citation
Presentation by Your Name NEXT
23
Importance of Citations
Academic Integrity Credibility Avoiding Legal Issues
Proper reference citation is essential Accurate citations enhance the Using proper citations helps in
for maintaining academic integrity credibility of your own work by avoiding legal issues related to
and avoiding plagiarism. It shows providing evidence and supporting copyright infringement. It ensures
respect for the original author's work arguments with authoritative that you are not unlawfully using
and helps in giving credit where it's sources. It adds weight to your someone else's intellectual property
due. research and strengthens the validity without permission.
of your claims.
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Components of a
Citation
Key Elements
A citation typically includes details such as the author's
name, the title of the work, publication date, source, and
page numbers. These elements provide the necessary
information to identify and locate the source material.
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APA Citation Style
APA Style In-text Citations Reference List Format
Author-Date Author's last name and publication year Alphabetical list by author's last name
e.g., (Smith, 2020) Smith, J. (2020). Title. Publisher.
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MLA Citation Style
MLA Style In-text Citations Works Cited Format
Author-Page Author's last name and page number Alphabetical list by author's last name
e.g., (Smith 25) Smith, John. Title. Publisher, 2020.
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Avoiding Plagiarism
Plagiarism Prevention Ethical Responsibility
Proper citations are crucial for Ethically, citing sources is a
preventing plagiarism, which is the responsibility to give credit to the
unauthorized use or replication of intellectual efforts of others. It also
another person's work. Citations helps in fostering a culture of respect
acknowledge the original source and for scholarly contributions and
demonstrate academic honesty. intellectual property rights.
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Summary and Best Practices
40% 30%
Credibility Legal Compliance
Citations enhance the credibility of Proper citations help in complying
your work by supporting with copyright laws and avoiding
arguments with reliable sources. legal repercussions related to
intellectual property rights.
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