Grade 10 CSEC

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES 6
Objectives
 Select
appropriate input/output devices to
meet the needs of specified applications.
 Associateseveral input and output devices
with suitable applications
 Manual VS Automated Data
Entry Devices
 Anautomated data entry device is a piece of
hardware that allows data to be transferred from
the outside world into the computer. This will
occur automatically with minimal or no human
interaction.
 Manual data entry devices are those peripheral
accessories of a computer system that allow users
to directly input data into the computer by carrying
out some action especially with your hands.
 Optical Mark Reader (OMR)
 OMR detects the position of marks on paper. The
marks must be made in pre-defined positions. The
OMR detects the intensity of the light reflected from
these marks.
 Thecomputer records the position of the marks and
analyses it determine the meaning of the data e.g.
right or wrong answer on a multiple choice quiz.
OMRs are used for correcting multiple choice
examinations, analyzing data from surveys, counting
election ballots and validating lottery tickets.
Magnetic Ink Character
Recognition (MICR)
MICRis mainly used by the banking industry to read cheques.
Cheques have the following information encoded in them:
 The cheque number
 The bank branch number
 The customer’s account number
 The amount of money written on the cheque
The amount is written using special magnetic ink which contains
iron oxide. The characters on the cheque are written in a special font
and are recognized electronically as it passes through the device.
The MICR can only recognize a specific font and a limited number of
characters.
Magnetic Ink Character
Recognition (MICR)
Advantages of the MICR:
 Documents are difficult to forge
 Documents can still be read after being folded,
soiled etc.
Disadvantages of the MICR:
 MICR readers are expensive
 The system can accept only a few characters
Optical Character Recognition
(OCR)
This is an optical scanner which utilizes special software to
read characters from paper. The shapes of different
characters are detected by shining light on them from a
photo-electric device and sensing the patterns of reflected
light.
The reader software allows each character pattern to be
compared with a set of stored patterns until the closest
match is found. The match is then translated into text in the
computer so that it can be manipulated by the user. It is used
in the legal service, postal service, utility and financial
companies and by immigration officers at airports.
 Optical Character Recognition (OCR)
Advantages of the OCR

 OCR is suitable for converting large volumes of printed data into electronic
text on the computer so that it can be manipulated. It is great for
archiving books, documents etc

Disadvantages of the OCR

 OCR has difficulty understanding handwritten text if the letters are not
properly formed. OCR has difficulty recognizing unusual fonts.
Mouse
The mouse has a ball or laser light underneath,
which tracks and determines the direction of the
cursor, and buttons which allow the user to make
selections. Some mice (plural of mouse) have a scroll
wheel that allows you to scroll through long
documents.
Mouse
In addition to moving the cursor, the mouse is used to
select and open documents or programs, move icons
from one place to another on the screen, select options
from a menu, position the cursor when preparing and
editing documents, and for drawing lines and sizing
graphic objects such as pictures.
Joystick
This device is used to control movement of the
cursor or other objects on the screen by operating a
small lever. It is used mainly for playing games, but
it is also used with scanners at hospitals.
Barcode Readers
 Barcodes are read by a scanner in which a laser
beam scans the barcode and the light is reflected
back into the scanner. The information received by
the scanner is sent for processing.
Barcode readers
 Barcode readers give fast error-free data entry into
the computer. It is a fast method of recording the
sales of items. Barcode readers are used in
supermarkets, libraries, research, airports, postal
services and warehouses.
 Document Scanners
These scan text and pictures from Hard copy format into the
computer to create a soft copy format or electronic document. There
are many types of scanners:
 Flatbed scanner: the picture is placed on a flat surface and the
image is captured, similarly to how a photocopying machine works.
 Handheld scanner: the picture is read while the user drags the
scanner over it. The quality of the image provided by this scanner
is poor, but it is useful for quick data capture.
 Drum scanner: the document to be scanned is mounted on a glass
cylinder. These are used in publishing industry (magazines, books)
to capture images with high detail.
 Sheet-fed scanner: the sheet that contains the image is fed
through rollers and the picture is scanned as the paper passes
through.
 Light pen
 This
is shaped like a pen and is connected to a
VDU/monitor. It allows you to point and make selections
more accurately on a screen. The tip of the light pen
contains a light-sensitive element which, when placed
against the screen, detects the light from the screen
and enables the computer to identify the location of the
pen on the screen.
 Light Pen
 Making selections with a light is far more accurate
than using your finger to make selections on a touch
sensitive screen. They also allow you to draw directly
on the screen. However they are not as accurate as a
digitizing tablet and drawing can become
uncomfortable.
 Touch Terminal
A touch terminal, also known as a touch screen is a
light-sensitive screen that detect when a person
touches it, as well as the area of the screen that was
touched. Various options are displayed on the screen
and the user presses the one they want. Touch screens
are used on ATMs, microwave ovens, cash registers, at
airports, fast-food outlets, theatre booking offices, etc.
Touch Terminal
Advantages
 The user can select the option very quickly.
 The user does not require any training to use it.
Disadvantages
 The system is expensive.
 It is limited to certain applications.
 Voice Response Unit
 TheVoice Response Unit or VRU is an automatic
telephone answering device composed of hardware
and software that enables a caller to navigate across
a set of pre-recorded messages.

 Today, many call center companies use voice

response units to handle the front end of inbound
calls. VRUs usually play recorded greetings to callers
and then present them with menu options.
Interactive voice response (IVR) is another term for
VRU
 Touchscreen
A touch screen works as both an input and an output
device. You view the options available to you on the
screen (output) and use your finger to touch the option
you want (input). Tablets and Smartphones widely have
and use a touchscreen as the main user interface to
input text data, scroll and selection of on-screen
options and also for visual output.

A touch-sensitive screen uses resistive or capacitive

technology to detect touch. Many mobile phones use
touch screens and do away with a keypad entirely. They
are often used on cash machines (ATM, ABM), in
shopping centres too and Point of Sale Machines
Touchscreen

Point of Sale Machine POS Smartphone and Tablet

 Touchscreen Used at ATM
 ATM is one of the touch-screen-mounted machines
that are familiar to us. It is among the earliest touch
screen applications. Users can easily deposit money
into and/or take money out from their accounts with
ATM by touch operations. Infrared technology or
surface capacitive technology is commonly used for
ATM.
Keyboard
A keyboard is one of the primary input devices
used with a computer. Similar to an electric
typewriter, a keyboard is composed of buttons
used to create letters, numbers, and symbols, and
perform additional functions.
 Digital cameras
 Thiscamera captures an image and stores it in
memory within the camera. The camera has a sensor
that converts the light into electrical charges. The
processor in the camera converts this information into
digital data and stores it on a flash RAM card.
 The digital images can then be uploaded from the
camera to a computer where they can be displayed,
manipulated or printed. The memory can be erased so
that more images can be captured. Unlike normal RAM
memory the RAM card is non-volatile. The resolution
of the camera is measured in pixels. The more pixels a
Biometric Systems

 Biometric refers to the science of identifying an

individual through their body characteristics such
as face geometry and hand geometry e.g.
fingerprints, iris or retinal scans, vein and voice
patterns. All these forms of identifying an
individual can be input into a computer system set
up for security purposes allowing access to
buildings and bank accounts etc.
 Sensors

 Chemical or physical changes in humans and their

environment can be converted to electrical signals
using sensors that pass data to a computer, where it
is analysed, stored and manipulated by specialized
software.
 These sensors are useful in medicine, environmental
planning and preservation, weather reporting etc.
Sensors can be used to measure things such as heat,
light, sound, pressure, strain, acidity(pH), oxygen
concentration, humidity, pulse, water level, water
flow, speed, tilt or even a door or valve opening or
 Remote Control
A remote control emits a beam of infra-red light that
carries data signals. They are used to input data to
televisions, stereo systems, VCRs, DVD players and
by computers as a wireless means of communication.
Sound Capture

 Microphones are used for sound capture. All

modern computers contain built-in microphones
and sound cards to allow voice or music to be
recorded. The sound card digitizes the data into a
form that the computer can understand.
Pointing devices
 These devices are used by graphical operating
systems such as Windows to show the movement
of the pointer or the cursor, and enable the control
and selection of objects on the display screen. This
group of devices includes the mouse, trackball,
pointing stick, touchpad, joystick, light pen,
digitizing tablet and touch screen.
Webcam
A webcam is a video capture device connected to a
computer or computer network, often using a USB
port or, if connected to a network, Ethernet or Wi-
Fi. Their most popular use is for video telephony,
permitting a computer to act as a videophone or
video conferencing station.
 Thiscamera is used to record and edit video
images (i.e. moving or still images). The images
are stored in a format that can be displayed on a
web page. Web cams are used in video
conferencing. It is also useful in security
surveillance.
 MIDI - (Musical Instrument
Digital Interface)
 MIDI- It’s a way to connect devices that make and
control sound — such as synthesizers, samplers, and
computers — so that they can communicate with each
other, using MIDI messages. MIDI does not send
the sound wave made by an instrument; instead, it
sends information about the music notes, and the
receiving device uses its own internal mechanisms to
generate the sounds.
MIDI - (Musical Instrument
Digital Interface)
VISUAL
OUTPUT
 Output Devices
 Any peripheral that accepts data from a
computer and prints, projects, or reproduces it
is known as an output device. The output may
be audio, video, hard copy – printed paper, etc.
Output devices convert the computer data to
human understandable form.
 We give input to the computer using input
devices and the computer performs operations
on the data and displays the output to the user
using the output device.
 Output
 There are two types of output:
 1. Soft copy output
 2. Hardcopy output
 Softcopy output is temporary output e.g. information
displayed on a screen or in voice or audio form through
speakers. This kind of output disappears when the
computer is switched off since the screen or the
speakers need the computer to work.
 Hard copy output is permanent output e.g. information
printed onto paper or film. It is tangible – you can hold
it in your hands.
 Monitor
A computer’s principal output device is a monitor, often
known as a Visual Display Unit (VDU). It displays the
processed data like text, images, videos, audios, etc. It
makes images by arranging microscopic dots in a
rectangular pattern, known as pixels. The sharpness of
an image is determined by the number of pixels.
 Display Screens
There are two types of display screens:
 1. Cathode Ray Tubes (CRT): these screens looks like a
standard television set.
 2. Flat Panel displays: these screens are used mainly with
portable computers like laptops, in some desktop
computers and even in the latest television sets.
These are two (2) types of flat panel display screens:
 a. Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)
 b. Light-emitting Diode (LED) monitor

 A video graphics card is also called a video display adapter. It

determines the resolution, number of colours, and speed with which
images appear on the screen.
 Printer
 Printersare information output devices that allow you
to print data on paper. Or in other words, it is an
output device that creates a hard copy of the
processed data or information.
 Impact Printer: In impact printers, characters are
printed on the ribbon, which is then smashed on the
paper. Or we can say that such type of printer uses a
print head or hammer to print the data on the paper.
Example: Dot matrix printer, Line printer, Chain printer
Impact printers have the following characteristics:
 Extremely low consumable costs, Fairly noisy, It’s
perfect for large-scale printing because of its
 Printer
 Non-Impact Printers: Non-impact printers print characters
without the use of a ribbon. These printers are often
known as Page Printers because they print a full page at a
time. Some of the types of non-impact printers are:
Example: Laser printer, Inkjet printer
Characteristics:
 Non-impact printers have the following characteristics:
 Quicker
 They don’t produce much noise.
 Superior quality
 Supports a wide range of fonts and character sizes
Dot matrix printers (character
printers)
Characteristics:
 Characters are formed from a matrix of dots.
 The speed is usually 30 – 550 characters per second (cps)
 It is very noisy
 It is relatively fast
 The print obtained is usually poor.
 They are useful for low-quality carbon copy prints or
printing on continuous sheets of paper e.g. invoices (bills).
 They are not good for printing shaded graphics or
photographs.
 Inkjet printers
 Inkjetprinters are the de-facto standard for
consumer/home-use printers. They’re inexpensive and
use liquid ink that is relatively inexpensive to replace.
They can produce high-quality color printing or fairly
fast monochrome (aka B&W) prints. Inkjet printers are
good if you only print occasionally, or don’t need the
highest-quality printings.
 Theink may be less expensive than a laser printer’s
toner, but it doesn’t last as long between uses.
 Inkjetsare the most common type of home printer for a
reason, though, as they tend to offer a good balance of
quality, speed, and price.
 Thermal printers (character
printers)
There are two types of thermal printers:
 Direct Thermal printer: this printer uses heated pins to form
the characters. These pins come into contact with special
heat-sensitive paper to form darkened dots when the pins
reached a specific temperature, thus shaping the characters.
The pins actually burn the dots into the specially coated
paper. Exposure to sunlight and heat tends to darken the
thermal paper. The print quality is poor.
 Thermal wax transfer printer: the print head of this printer
melts a wax-based ink from a transfer ribbon onto paper.
This printer does not require special paper.

 Thermal printers are used in portable calculators, fax

machines and some ATMs (automated teller machines).
 Laser printers
 Laserprinters, as their name suggests, use a laser
beam to heat a toner material that embeds itself onto
the paper. Most business-oriented models are
monochrome, but there are color laser printers as well.
Toner cartridges are typically more expensive than ink,
but also usually last longer.

 Laserprinters, on average, have a faster print speed

than inkjet printers, and usually have a higher print
quality. The most affordable models are more
expensive than even budget inkjet models, but many
people who print a lot find their strengths worth that
 Plotter
A plotter is a device that prints high-quality graphics
in a variety of color formats. It works in a similar way
to a printer, although it has more advanced features.
It is used to print large maps, architectural drawings,
large-format printing, and create pictures, 3D
postcards, advertising signs, charts, and various
designs of the internal structure of building machines,
as well as create pictures, 3D postcards, advertising
signs, charts, and various designs of the internal
structure of building machines.
Characteristics of Plotter:
 Large size prints can be taken via plotters
 3D Printer
A 3D printer is a type of material design printer that
designs and builds 3D models and products of devices
and components using an additive manufacturing
process.

 3Dprinters design three-dimensional prototypes and

create the end product by directly building them using
computer aided design (CAD) or software-created 3D
design diagrams, figures and patterns.

 3D printers may also be called additive manufacturing

 Microfilm
 Microfilmis an analog storage medium using film reels
which are exposed and developed into photographic
records using a photographic process. It is typically
used to store paper documents such as periodicals,
legal documents, books and engineering drawings. It is
compact in nature, is low cost to produce and store and
requires far smaller storage space than paper
documents. Therefore, it is considered to be a good
archival form.
 Projector
 A projector is a device that allows users to project their output
onto a large area, such as a screen or a wall. It can be used to
project the output of a computer and other devices onto a
screen. It magnifies texts, photos, and movies using light and
lenses. As a result, it’s an excellent output device for giving
presentations or teaching big groups of people.
Characteristics of Projector:
 They are lightweight, and one person can easily take them out of
the box, connect them, and hang an image on the wall.
 Projectors can be the most cost-effective option for large-screen
video in your home.
 A small projector mounted on a back shelf or bookcase, or
mounted on the ceiling, takes up no area on the floor. It is barely
visible when it is not in use.
Multimedia Projector
AUDIO
OUTPUT
 Speakers
 Speakers are connected to computers to allow sound
to be output. For the working of speakers, sound cards
are required. From simple two-speaker output devices
to surround-sound multi-channel sets, speakers come
in a variety of shapes and sizes. They take audio input
from the computer’s sound card and output sound
waves as audio output.
Characteristics of Speakers:
 Speakers are available in a wide range of qualities and
prices.
 Small,plastic computer speakers with low sound
quality are often included with computer systems.
 Headphones
 Tohear the sound, use earbuds with your PC, laptop,
or smartphone. It enables you to hear the sound
without causing any inconvenience to others. To
translate electronic signals into sounds without
causing inconvenience to others. They can be wired or
wireless and can be connected to computers, laptops,
mobile phones, etc. They are connected with the
devices via Bluetooth.
Characteristics of Headphones:
 Stereo phones and headsets are other names for
them.
 Earphones or earbuds are the names for the in-ear
Earphones
 Earphones are devices which are worn on the
pinna or the internal part of the ear. This
device is also referred to as earbuds, in-ears,
canal phones, buds, in-ear headphones, IEMs.
Video Links Used
 Automated data entry Input devices: https://
www.youtube.com/watch?v=OTfsEOHj4CY&ab_channel=makeITsimpleTT
 Input Devices: https://
www.youtube.com/watch?v=iiJ72-rzgsU&ab_channel=SimplyCoding
 Printers Explained: https://
www.youtube.com/watch?v=JEVurb1uVFA&ab_channel=PowerCertAnimatedVid
eos
 Output devices: https://
www.youtube.com/watch?v=yTdRHrkudGs&t=68s&ab_channel=SimplyCoding
 End of
Presentation

“THE FUNCTION OF EDUCATION IS TO TEACH ONE TO THINK INTENSIVELY AND TO

THINK CRITICALLY. INTELLIGENCE AND GOOD CHARACTER – THOSE ARE THE PILLARS
ON WHICH THE BRIDGE TO A GOOD EDUCATION IS SET ON” - ANONYMOUS