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CPU Components and Functions Explained

The document provides an overview of the Central Processing Unit (CPU), detailing its significance as the main processor in a computer. It outlines the six key components of the CPU: Arithmetic Logic Unit, Control Unit, CPU Registers, Bus, Cache Memory, and Clock, explaining their functions. The CPU's role in executing instructions and managing data flow is emphasized, highlighting its importance in computer performance.

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508 views16 pages

CPU Components and Functions Explained

The document provides an overview of the Central Processing Unit (CPU), detailing its significance as the main processor in a computer. It outlines the six key components of the CPU: Arithmetic Logic Unit, Control Unit, CPU Registers, Bus, Cache Memory, and Clock, explaining their functions. The CPU's role in executing instructions and managing data flow is emphasized, highlighting its importance in computer performance.

Uploaded by

xlmao839
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

COMPONENTS AND

FUNCTIONALITY OF
THE CPU
GROUP 2 CSS

CENTRAL
PROCESSING UNIT
LIST OF
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION COMPONENTS
: WHAT IS THE AND
CPU? FUNCTIONS OF
CPU

SUMMARY
WHAT IS THE CPU?
A central processing unit
(CPU), also called a central
processor, main processor,
or just processor, is the
most important processor in
a given computer. Its
electronic circuitry executes
instructions of a
computer program, such as
COMPONENTS OF
THE CPU
ARITHMETIC LOGIC
UNIT(ALU)
The arithmetic and logic unit is a
specialized circuit that performs
mathematical calculations and logical
operations on the data. It works like a
calculator, which performs the
calculation as directed by the control
CONTROL UNIT
A control unit is an electronic circuit that
is connected by all the parts of a
computer. The function of a control unit
is to coordinate all the processor’s
activities and manage the flow of
information through the processor. It
directs the flow of data and instructions
between different parts of a computer.
CPU REGISTERS
CPU registers temporarily hold data
and instructions during execution,
enabling quick access for the
processor. They store operands for
operations, results of computations,
and control information, facilitating
efficient instruction decoding and
CPU REGISTERS
• Memory data register (MDR): This register stores
the data which has just read from the memory or
data which is about to be written to the memory.

• Program counter (PC): This register stores the


address where the next instruction is to be
fetched.

• Status Register (SR): This register contains bits


CPU REGISTERS
• Current instruction register (CIR): This register
stores the current instruction being decoded and
executed.

• Accumulator (ACC): ALU uses this register to


temporarily store data during the calculation.

• Memory address register (MAR): This register


stores the address of the memory location
BUS
A bus is a high-speed internal
connection. Buses are used to send
control signals and data between the
processor and other components.
CACHE MEMORY
Cache memory is an indispensable
component of modern computer systems,
acting as a high-speed buffer between the
CPU and the main memory. Its ability to store
frequently accessed data and instructions
enhances system performance by reducing
data retrieval time and relieving the
workload on the CPU.
CLOCK
The clock speed measures the number of
cycles your CPU executes per second,
measured in GHz (gigahertz). In this case, a
“cycle” is the basic unit that measures a
CPU's speed. During each cycle, billions of
transistors within the processor open and
close.
CONCLUSION
The CPU consists of 6 main
components that work together
namely called: Arithmetic Logic
Unit, Control Unit, CPU Registers,
Bus, Cache Memory, and Clock.
THANK
YOU

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