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Lesson 2 Mathematics

The document discusses the significant developments in mathematics during Ancient Greece, highlighting the influence of earlier civilizations and the emergence of notable mathematicians such as Thales, Pythagoras, and Zeno. It details key contributions, including Thales' Theorem and the Pythagorean theorem, as well as the philosophical underpinnings of mathematics by figures like Plato. Overall, it emphasizes the foundational role of Greek mathematicians in shaping mathematical thought and principles.

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10 views15 pages

Lesson 2 Mathematics

The document discusses the significant developments in mathematics during Ancient Greece, highlighting the influence of earlier civilizations and the emergence of notable mathematicians such as Thales, Pythagoras, and Zeno. It details key contributions, including Thales' Theorem and the Pythagorean theorem, as well as the philosophical underpinnings of mathematics by figures like Plato. Overall, it emphasizes the foundational role of Greek mathematicians in shaping mathematical thought and principles.

Uploaded by

danloydsoriano8
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LESSON 2:

MATHEMATICS OF ANCIENT
GREECE

Prepared By : Daniel S. Silva


NOTABLE DEVELOPMENTS IN
MATHEMATICS DURING ANCIENT GREECE

 As the Greek empire began to expand its sphere of influence into


Asia Minor, Mesopotamia, and further , the Greeks were astute
enough to recognize the importance of assimilating and modifying
fundamental aspects of the communities they conquered.
 They borrowed ideas from Babylonians and the Egyptians(Including
Math).
 They quickly started making important contributions and, for the
first time , contributions by individuals can be recognized.
 By the time of the Hellenistic period , the Greeks had led one of the
biggest and most dramatic changes in mathematical thinking.
• IT REPRESENTED THE NEEDED NUMBER AS MANY TIMES AS NECESSARY
USING THE SYMBOLS FOR 1, 5, 10, 50, 100, 500, AND 1000.

• FOR ADDITION, EACH CHARACTER IN THE NUMBER- 1s, 10s,


100s, ETC.- WAS ADDED SEPARATELY.
THALES INTERCEPT THEOREM
THALES’
-Is one of the Seven Sages of Ancient Greece
-Lived on the lonian coast of Asia Minor in the first
half of the sixth century BCE.
-He is the first person to set up rules for how
geometry should be thought of.
-He is known about his work, such as his work on
similar and right triangles.
THALES’ INTERCEPT THEOREM

― Also known as Thales’ Theorem,


which is a special case of the
inscribe angle theorem, is
about right triangles that are
inscribed in a circle.
― It states that the point B of the
triangle ABC is a right angle(90
Degree)
― If A,B, and C are all different
points on a circle with a center
O and a diameter formed by the
line AC. This leads to ABC
being a right Triangle.
THALES’ INTERCEPT THEOREM
― In other words , any point on a circle
always meets the diameter at a right
angle. But geometry was the main
foundation of Greek math.
― It states that if you make a triangle
inside a circle with the long side as the
circles diameter, the opposite angle
will always be right angle .
― Thales is also known for the intercept
theorem , which states that a line
segment is made when two lines that
cross each other cut by the two
parallel lines
NOTABLE MATHEMATICIANS
DURING THE ANCIENT GREEK
EMPIRE
1. Democritus
2. Zeno of Elea
3. Pythagoras of Samos
4. Plato
DEMOCRITUS
→ He was a mathematician and one of the
first people to study geometry in the fifth
and fourth centuries BCE.
→ Best known for his theory that all matter
is made up of tiny atoms.
→ Authored such titles as “On
Numbers” ,”On Geometry”, “On
Irrationals”, ”On Tangencies” and ”On
Mapping although no copies were ever
found.
→ One of the first people to notice that an
object with the same base and height can
be cut into an infinite number of cross-
section and that a cone or pyramid has
one-third the volume of a cylinder or
prism.
ZENO OF ELEA
→ Most well-known Paradox is called “Achilles and the
Tortoise”
→ Infinity was initially discussed by the Greeks, as
evidenced by the well-known paradoxes attributed
to the philosopher Zeno of Elea in the fifth century
BCE.
( Achilles gives the much slower tortoise an early
advantage , but by the time Achilles reaches the
tortoise’s starting point, the tortoise has already
moved forward. So , in theory , Archilles will never be
able to catch up to the tortoise.)
→ It is so-called Dichotomy Paradox are both based on
the idea that half plus a quarter plus an eigth plus a
sixteenth, etc., to infinity ,will never be equal to
whole.
→ The first person try to explain away the paradoxes
was the ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle, he is
sure that infinity could never be real, only possible.
PYTHAGORAS OF SAMOS(C.570-495)
→ Is frequently referred to be the first “genuine”
mathematician and is sometimes said to be the father
of pure mathematics.
→ He is known for the Pythagorian theorem.
→ He left no records of his own work in mathematics.
→ Philolaus and other scholars who came afther him
wrote a lot of what we know about Pythagorian ideas.
→ In truth, it is far from certain whether Pythagoras
personally or his students ever solved many (or any)
of the theorems that have been attributed to him.
THE FOLLOWING ARE SOME OF HIS
NOTABLE CONTRIBUTIONS TO
MATHEMATICS

 Two right angles make up the sum of a triangles interior angles (180
degree)
 Four right angles are the sum of a triangles external angles (360
degree)
 Any polygons interior angles add up to 2n-4 right angles, where n is
the total number of sides.
 A polygons outside angles always add up to four right angles, no
matter how many sides it has.
 The triangle ,hexagon, and square , three polygons, completely round
a point on a plane; there are six triangles, four squares, and there
and three hexagons. In other words, you can tile up space using any
combination of these three shapes without overlaps or gaps.
 In a triangle with a right angle, the square of the hypotenuse equals
the sum of the squares of the other two sides.
PYTHAGORAS OF SAMOS
 Most pupils have little trouble remembering these rules
because they are fundamental trigonometry and geometry
laws.
 Hippocrates, one of Pythagoras’ students, advanced the
development of geometry. He was the first to apply
geometrical methods to other branches of mathematics, such
as the solution of the quadratic equations, and he even started
researching the integration process. Hippocrates researched
the circle squaring problem (which we now know to be
impossible simply because Pi is an irrational number). He
found a solution to the square-a-line puzzle and demonstrated
that the ratio of two circles’ areas to their squares of radii was
the same.
PYTHAGORAS OF SAMOS
 Pythagoras also made contributions to music. He
said that the distances between notes in a piece
of music that sounds good should always be
whole numbers. For example, if you play a guitar
string for half of its length, you get the same
notes as the open string , but it is an octave
higher . If you play for a third of its length, you
get a different but it pleasing melody , and so on.
PLATO ( 428-348)
 He was one of the most important people in ancient Greece
who supported , even though he is better known today as a
philosopher.
 He started his Academy in Athens in 387 BCE. Inspired by
Pythagoras, he put a lot of emphasis on math as a way to learn
about the real world. He was sure that geometry was the way
to figure out how the universe worked. “Let no one who
doesn’t know geometry come in here” it said above the
entrance to the Academy.

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