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Internet Fundamentals

The document provides an overview of the Internet, covering its definition, key components, and core services such as the World Wide Web, email, and cloud computing. It explains how the Internet works, the importance of its applications in communication, education, and business, and highlights the benefits and challenges associated with its use. Understanding these fundamentals is essential for effective and responsible use of the Internet.

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Sam Oyelowo
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4 views19 pages

Internet Fundamentals

The document provides an overview of the Internet, covering its definition, key components, and core services such as the World Wide Web, email, and cloud computing. It explains how the Internet works, the importance of its applications in communication, education, and business, and highlights the benefits and challenges associated with its use. Understanding these fundamentals is essential for effective and responsible use of the Internet.

Uploaded by

Sam Oyelowo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Internet Fundamentals

Understanding the Basics of the Internet


Abdulkadir Danmaigoro
Objectives
• Understand the concept and history of the Internet.
• Learn key components like IP addresses, DNS, and
protocols.
• Explore how the Internet works and its applications.
What is the Internet?
• Definition: A global network of interconnected
computers for sharing information and resources.

• Key Features:
– Accessibility
– Interconnectivity
– Scalability
• Importance:
– Enables global communication.
– Supports various services like emails, websites, and
cloud computing.
Core Services of the Internet
• World Wide Web (WWW): A system of interlinked web pages
accessed via browsers.
• Email: Electronic messaging system used for communication.
• File Transfer: Sharing files using protocols like FTP or cloud
services.
• Streaming: Real-time delivery of audio, video, or other multimedia.
• Social Media: Platforms for communication and content sharing.
• E-commerce: Buying and selling goods online.
• Cloud Computing: Accessing applications, storage, and resources
over the internet.
Uses of Internet
Importance of the Internet
• Communication: Supports instant messaging, email, and video calls.
• Access to Information: Provides a wealth of knowledge on various
topics.
• Education: Enables e-learning and access to educational resources.
• Business: Facilitates e-commerce, digital marketing, and remote
work.
• Entertainment: Offers streaming, gaming, and social networking.
• Innovation: Drives technological advancements in AI, IoT, and more.
• Globalization: Bridges cultural and geographical divides.
How the Internet Works

Step 1: A user device sends a request via a web browser.


Step 2: The request is routed through routers and servers.
Step 3: The Domain Name System (DNS) translates domain
names into IP addresses.
Step 4: The server processes the request and sends data back
to the user.
Step 5: Data is displayed in the browser.
How Websites Work on the Internet
• When you visit a website, several things happen to retrieve and display
the content:
– Web Browser: A web browser (like Chrome, Firefox, or Safari)
initiates a request by sending a message to the web server hosting
the site (through HTTP/HTTPS).
– Server Response: The server processes the request (e.g., fetching
HTML files, images, videos) and sends back the requested data.
– Data Rendering: The browser renders the data by processing
HTML, CSS (style), and JavaScript (interactive elements), which
ultimately displays the web page on your screen.
Diagram of a client-server interaction
Why is the Internet So Fast?
• The speed of the internet is due to:
– Broadband Connections: High-speed internet services like
fiber optics, cable, and 5G provide quick data transmission.
– Content Delivery Networks (CDNs): CDNs store copies of
content in multiple locations around the world, speeding
up access by serving data from the nearest location.
– Efficient Routing: Routers ensure that data is sent on the
fastest and least congested routes.
Key Components of the Internet

• Hardware:
– Servers, routers, modems, and cables
• Software:
– Web browsers, email clients, and applications
• Protocols:
– TCP/IP, HTTP, FTP, and DNS
Applications of the Internet
• Communication: Emails, instant messaging, and video calls.
• Information Sharing: Websites, blogs, and search engines.
• E-commerce: Online shopping and financial transactions.
• Entertainment: Streaming platforms, gaming, and social media.
• Education: Online courses, e-learning platforms, and research.
Visuals of popular applications like Zoom, YouTube, and online shopping.
The Role of the Cloud
• The cloud plays a major role in the functioning of the
internet.
– Instead of storing everything locally on a device,
users can store and access data and applications
hosted on remote servers, allowing for more
flexibility, scalability, and easy access from
anywhere with an internet connection.
The Role of the Cloud
• Cloud Computing: Services like Google Drive,
Dropbox, and Amazon Web Services (AWS) store data
and run applications on remote servers, offering
users the ability to access files or use software over
the internet.
Cloud Computing
Benefits and Challenges
• Benefits: • Challenges:
– Global connectivity – Cybersecurity threats
– Digital divide
– Access to vast resources
– Misinformation and privacy concerns
– Economic opportunities
Conclusion
• The Internet is a powerful tool driving global connectivity
and innovation.
• Understanding its fundamentals helps us use it effectively
and responsibly.
Questions and Feedback
• Thank you for your attention!
• Feel free to ask questions or share your feedback.

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