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Wastewater MicrobiologyUENR

The document outlines the requirements and characteristics of bacterial growth in wastewater microbiology, emphasizing the role of microorganisms in secondary wastewater treatment. It discusses bacterial growth kinetics, including the Monod Equation, which models the relationship between substrate concentration and biomass growth. Additionally, it addresses the dynamics of mixed cultures in both closed and open systems, highlighting the importance of nutrient availability and predator-prey interactions in wastewater treatment processes.

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saeed ibn idris
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10 views20 pages

Wastewater MicrobiologyUENR

The document outlines the requirements and characteristics of bacterial growth in wastewater microbiology, emphasizing the role of microorganisms in secondary wastewater treatment. It discusses bacterial growth kinetics, including the Monod Equation, which models the relationship between substrate concentration and biomass growth. Additionally, it addresses the dynamics of mixed cultures in both closed and open systems, highlighting the importance of nutrient availability and predator-prey interactions in wastewater treatment processes.

Uploaded by

saeed ibn idris
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Wastewater Microbiology

1
Lecture Outline
 Requirements and characteristics of
bacterial growth
 Bacterial growth kinetics

2
How is secondary wastewater treatment
accomplished?

 Use microorganisms to convert


organic wastes into stabilized
compounds - similar to self-
purification process in streams

Protozoa

3
Bacterial Growth Requirements

• Terminal electron acceptor


• Macronutrients
a. carbon
b. nitrogen
c. phosphorus
• Micronutrients www.up.ac.za/academic/ electron/bacteria.htm

a. trace metals
b. vitamins
• Environment
a. moisture
b. temperature
c. pH

www.marl.iastate.edu/ MARL/images.html 4
Terminal electron acceptor = O2 in aerobic
systems
Carbon to build cells
Nitrogen to build proteins and amino acids
Phosphorus for ATP (energy carrier) and
DNA
Growth in Pure Cultures

n
P P0 (2)
log P log P0  n log 2

6
Example

Bread yeast cells divide and form 2 cells


every 5 minutes. If you place 105 cells
in a suitable environment, how many
cells will you have in 30 minutes?

30 minutes
n 6 generations
5 minutes/generation

P 10 2 6.4 x10 cells


5 6 6

7
Mixed cultures

8
In a closed system with an initial inoculum of a
mixed population of microorganisms and
substrate, the populations will cycle as the
bacteria are consumed by the higher level
organisms, which in turn die due to lack of food.
The bacterial then consume the dead organisms
and their populations increase until the cycle
continues. Predator-prey relationships.
Mixed cultures

10
In an open system, such as a river or a
wastewater treatment plant, with a
continuous supply of new substrate the
predominant populations will change through
the length of the plant or river. This condition
is known as dynamic equilibrium. It is a
highly sensitive state, and changes in
influent characteristics will have significant
effects on the distribution of organisms.
Biomass in wastewater treatment

In the log-growth phase, the rate of biomass growth


(mg/L·t) can be expressed as:

dX
X
dt
where :
 growth rate constant, t -1

X concentration of biomass, mg/L


12
Monod Equation


 m
S
m
2
Ks  S
where
 m maximum growth rate constant, t -1
S concentration of limiting food in solution, mg/L
K s half saturation constant, mg/L
concentration of limiting food when  0.5 m

13
Because of the difficulty of direct
measurement of µ in mixed cultures, Monod
(1949) developed a model equation that
assumes that the rate of food utilization and
therefore the rate of biomass production is
limited by the rate of enzyme reactions
involving the food compound that is in shortest
supply relative to its need. Known as the
Monod Equation.
Monod Equation 
 m
S
Ks  S
 Limiting cases
 Excess of the limiting food
 S>> K
s
 then the equation for biomass increase becomes
zero-order in substrate
dX   m 
 X
dt  1 
 Food-limited
 S<< K
s
 Growth rate is first order with respect to
substrate

dX   m S 
  X
dt  K s  15
Ks= half saturation constant or conc. Of limiting
food when µ = 0.5 µm
Two limiting cases are of interest in the
application of the Monod eqtn to waste water
treatment systems. Case (1) – excess of the
limiting food (2) Food limited
Bacterial growth and die-off

dX   m S 
  X  k d X
dt  K s  S 
-1
k d endogenous decay rate constant, t

17
Monod Equation assumes only growth, but we
can see from the earlier diagrams that there will
be dieoff. Can expand it to include a death term
Endogenous – from within – so it means death
from within rather than death from a predator or
external toxin
Bacterial growth and die-off

 Inefficient conversion of food to biomass, so


dS 1 dX
 
dt Y dt
where Y decimal fraction of food mass converted to biomass
mg L biomass
yield coefficient 
mg L food utilized

 Combining equations:
dS 1  m SX
 
dt Y K s  S 19
If all the food in the system were converted to
biomass, the rate of food utilization (dS/dt)
would equal dX/dt

Last equation is a fundamental part of the


development of the design equations for a
wastewater treatment plan.

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