Forces and motion
Getting Started
Look at the image at the left
side. The skydiver jumps out the
windows.
Why are some skydivers falling
5.4
fasters than the others?
What question do you have
Multiple force about this phenomenon?
Getting Started
Why are some skydivers falling
fasters than the others?
Answer: Skydivers fall at
different speeds due to factors
like body position, size, weight,
and equipment. Spread-out
positions create more air
resistance, slowing the fall, while
compact positions reduce air
resistance, making them fall
faster. Larger or heavier
skydivers may fall faster due to
their mass, but air resistance
5.4
also affects their speed. The type
of clothing and gear can also
influence how fast they fall.
Multiple force
Sci 1. acceleration a change in velocity over time
2. force a push or pull
Voca 3. friction a force between surfaces that slows
objects or stops them from moving
b 4. inertia the tendency of an object in motion
to stay in motion or of an object at
rest to stay at rest
5. motion a change in an object’s position
6. speed the speed and direction of an object
What is
force?
1. Force is a push or pull on
an object.
2. It is the strength or
energy as an attribute of
physical action or
movement.
3. The unit of force is
newton. It is named after
Sir Isaac Newton.
4. It can make an object
move.
5. It can change the
direction of a moving
object.
6. It can speed up the
moving object.
7. It can stop the moving
object.
8. It can change the shape
of an object.
What are
the
examples of 1. pushing
forces?
1. Pushing: If you push a toy
car, you are using force to
make it move.
2. Pulling: If you pull a wagon,
you are applying force to
make it move toward you.
3. Gravity: Gravity is a force
that pulls things down 2. pulling
towards the ground. It’s why
when you jump, you come
back down.
4. Magnetism: Magnets have a
force that can pull metal
objects towards them or
push them away.
3. jumping
4. magnetism
Types of
forces 1. push
1. Push. Pushing a door open
or pushing a ball to roll.
2. Pull. Pulling a rope to move
something or pulling a sled.
3. Gravity. The force that pulls
things down, like when you
drop an apple, it falls
because of gravity. 2. pull
4. Friction:.The force that
slows down or stops the
motion of an object, like
3. gravity
when you slide a book on a (downward force
table and it eventually stops.
4. friction
Types of 1 2
forces
1. Start Moving: Without a
force, an object stays still
(inertia). Applying a force
makes it move. Example:
Pushing a toy car makes it
start moving.
2. Stop Moving: A force can
stop a moving object, often
due to friction. Example: When
3
you stop pedaling a bike,
friction slows it down and
stops it.
3. Change the Speed (Speed
Up or Slow Down): A force
can increase or decrease an
object’s speed depending on
its direction. Example: Pushing
a sled speeds it up; applying
the brakes slows it down.
4. Change the Direction: A
4
force can change the direction
of motion without affecting the
speed. Example: Steering a
bicycle changes its direction.
4. friction
What is 1 2
contact
force?
Contact force is a type of force that happens when two
objects are physically touching each other. For a contact
force to work, the objects must be in direct contact.
Types of Contact Force:
3
1. Friction: A force that slows down or stops movement
when two surfaces rub against each other. Example:
Rubbing your hands together creates heat because of
4
friction.
2. Normal Force: The force that supports an object resting
on a surface. It pushes up from the surface. Example: A
book resting on a table is pushed up by the table.
3. Tension: The force in a rope or string when it is pulled.
Example: Pulling a sled with a rope creates tension in
the rope.
4. Applied Force: A force that a person or object applies to
move something. Example: Pushing a door to open it.
5. Spring Force: The force a spring uses when it is
stretched or squeezed. Example: A trampoline pushes
5
back when you jump on it.
What is 1
noncontact
force?
Contact force is a type of force that happens when two
objects are physically touching each other. For a contact
force to work, the objects must be in direct contact.
Types of Noncontact Force:
1. Gravitational Force: The force that pulls objects toward
the Earth or any other large body. Example: When you
drop something, gravity pulls it down.
2. Magnetic Force: The force exerted by magnets that can
either attract or repel other magnetic materials.
Example: A magnet can pull a paperclip toward it, or
two magnets can push away from each other.
3. Electrostatic Force: The force between charged objects,
2
which can either attract or repel depending on the type
of charge (positive or negative). Example: Rubbing a
balloon on your hair makes it stick to a wall because of
static electricity.
3
What are the
two (2) forces
that affect the
acceleration
of an object?
1. Increase the
amount of force.
2. Decrease the
weight of an
object.
Balanced VS Unbalanced
weight of the weight of the
rock rock
force of the force of the
ground ground
Balanced VS Unbalanced
weight of the rock weight of the rock
force friction force
friction of
of the of rock of the
rock &
wind & wind
ground
ground
force of the force of the
ground ground
Slowing down
air resistance
air resistance
weight weight
Changing direction
force of the ball
hitting force on the
ball
Changing direction
direction of orbit moon
direction of force from the
Earth’s gravity
To sum up
Size of forces Direction of Balanced or Change in
forces unbalanced movement
Equal Opposite Balanced None
Equal Not opposite Unbalanced Change of
direction
Not equal Opposite Unbalanced Increase or
decrease speed
Not equal Not opposite Unbalanced Increase or
decrease speed
and change of
direction
What is
gravity?
Gravity is a force
that pulls things
down to the
ground. It's why
when you drop
something, it falls.
It also keeps us
and everything
else on Earth from
floating away.
What would
happen if
there were
no gravity?
Without gravity,
everything would
float. People,
animals, and
objects wouldn’t
stay on the ground.
Water and air
would float too,
making life really
hard!
Can we see
the gravity?
Can we see
the gravity?
No, we can’t. But
we can see what it
does. Planets and moons stay in
orbit because of gravity.
When you
drop
something, it
falls because
of gravity. Water flows downhill
because gravity pulls
it.
Can we feel
the gravity?
.
Can we feel
the gravity?
Yes, we can.
It’s the reason we feel
"heavy" when we stand,
walk or run.
It’s what makes us stay
on the ground instead of
floating.
How does
gravity
work?
Gravity is a force
that pulls things
down. It keeps us
on the ground and
makes planets
move around the
Sun. The bigger
something is, the
stronger its gravity.
How can
gravity be
demonstrated
or shown?
You can show
gravity by dropping
something and The downward
direction of the
watching it fall. You pencil shows how
can also use a gravity pulls things
toward the ground.
swinging weight or When you let go of
roll something the pencil, gravity
down a ramp to pulls it down.
see how gravity
pulls things down.
What is
friction?
It is the force that resists
the relative motion or the
tendency of such motion of
two surfaces in contact. It
occurs because no surface
is perfectly smooth at the
microscopic level. Even the
smoothest materials have
tiny bumps and
irregularities that catch on
each other when they
move against one another.
This interaction creates a
force that opposes motion.
What are
the types of
friction?
1. Static Friction
2. Kinetic
(Dynamic)
Friction)
3. Rolling Friction
What are
1
the types of
friction?
1. Static Friction
It occurs when an object is
at rest and tries to resist
the force trying to move it.
It prevents objects from kinetic friction
sliding or rolling across a (weaker)
surface until a certain force
is applied. For example,
when you push a heavy
box, static friction prevents
it from moving until the
pushing force overcomes it.
Static friction is generally
stronger than kinetic
friction because the
surfaces are "stuck"
together until enough force static friction
is applied. (stronger)
What are
2
the types of
friction?
2. Kinetic (dynamic)
Friction
It occurs when an object is
already in motion.
It acts in the opposite
direction of the motion and
resists further movement.
For instance, when you kick
the ball on the field, kinetic
friction slows it down.
Kinetic friction tends to be
weaker than static friction,
so it's easier to keep
something moving once it's
already in motion.
kinetic friction static friction
kinetic friction static friction
(slows down or (stronger)
(weaker) (stronger)
weaker)
roll a suitcase
What are
3
the types of
friction?
3. Rolling Friction
This occurs when an object
rolls over a surface, like a
wheel or ball.
Rolling friction is typically
much weaker than sliding
friction. For example, it's
easier to roll a suitcase with
wheels than to drag it.
drag a suitcase
