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Lecture 2

The document outlines various management theories, including Classical Management Theories focused on efficiency and hierarchy (Scientific Management, Administrative Theory, Bureaucratic Management), and Behavioral Management Theories emphasizing human behavior and motivation (Human Relations Theory, Theory X and Y, Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs). It also discusses Total Quality Management and Knowledge Management Theory, highlighting their importance in continuous improvement and effective knowledge sharing. Overall, the theories illustrate the evolution of management practices from strict organizational structures to a more human-centric approach.

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12 views14 pages

Lecture 2

The document outlines various management theories, including Classical Management Theories focused on efficiency and hierarchy (Scientific Management, Administrative Theory, Bureaucratic Management), and Behavioral Management Theories emphasizing human behavior and motivation (Human Relations Theory, Theory X and Y, Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs). It also discusses Total Quality Management and Knowledge Management Theory, highlighting their importance in continuous improvement and effective knowledge sharing. Overall, the theories illustrate the evolution of management practices from strict organizational structures to a more human-centric approach.

Uploaded by

raja.mussa.khan786
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Management Theories and Evolution

Classical Management Theories


Classical Management Theories focus on efficiency, hierarchy,
and structured organization.
• They include Scientific Management (Taylor) for
productivity,
• Administrative Theory (Fayol) for managerial principles,
• Bureaucratic Management (Weber) for formal rules and
authority. These theories emphasize a top-down approach and
clear roles.
Scientific Management (Frederick Taylor)
Father of Scientific Management
 Optimizing work processes through time and motion studies.
 Emphasizes efficiency, standardization, and worker productivity.
 Key principles: Task specialization, performance-based rewards,
and managerial planning.
 Example: Assembly line production in manufacturing industries.
Administrative Management (Henri Fayol)

 Defining managerial functions and principles for better


organization.
 Functions of management.
 14 principles of management , including division of labor, unity
of command, and centralization.
 Example: Corporate organizational structures with clear
managerial roles
Bureaucratic Management (Max Weber)

 Establishing structured hierarchy and formal rules for efficiency.


 Focus on authority, discipline, and impersonal relationships
within organizations.
 Promotion based on merit and clear career progression paths.
 Example: Government agencies and large-scale enterprises with
defined roles
Behavioral Management Theories

 Emphasis on human behavior, motivation, and employee


satisfaction.
 Shift from mechanical work processes to considering employee
needs and psychology.
Human Relations Theory (Elton Mayo)

 Workplace productivity improves through social interactions and


recognition.
 Hawthorne Studies showed that attention to employees leads to
higher performance.
 Importance of employee morale, teamwork, and supportive
leadership.
 Example: Employee engagement programs in modern businesses
Theory X and Theory Y (Douglas McGregor)

 Contrasting views on employee motivation and management


styles.
 Theory X: Employees are lazy, need supervision and external
motivation.
 Theory Y: Employees are self-motivated, enjoy responsibility,
and seek growth.
 Example: Micromanagement vs. participative leadership in
workplaces.
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

 Motivation is driven by fulfilling five levels of human needs.


 Levels: Physiological, Safety, Belonging, Esteem, and Self-
Actualization.
 Higher needs influence job satisfaction and performance.
 Example: Employee benefits, career growth, and workplace
culture improvements
Total Quality Management (TQM)

 Continuous improvement, customer satisfaction, and employee


involvement.
 Focus on quality control, reducing errors, and standardizing
processes.
 Example: Toyota’s Lean Manufacturing principles in production.
Knowledge Management Theory

 Effective knowledge sharing enhances organizational


learning and performance.
 Encourages documentation, information flow, and
innovation.
 Example: Google’s internal platforms for idea-sharing
and continuous learning.

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