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week3

The document covers basic operations on discrete-time signals in Digital Signal Processing, including time shifting, time reversal, amplitude scaling, time scaling, signal addition, and signal multiplication. Each operation is explained with mathematical representations and examples. The lecture is part of a course taught by Dr. Noura Ali.

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ramymohamed7801
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14 views16 pages

week3

The document covers basic operations on discrete-time signals in Digital Signal Processing, including time shifting, time reversal, amplitude scaling, time scaling, signal addition, and signal multiplication. Each operation is explained with mathematical representations and examples. The lecture is part of a course taught by Dr. Noura Ali.

Uploaded by

ramymohamed7801
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Digital Signal

Processing
DSP
Dr. Noura ali

EEC 225
Lec 3
Basic operations on sequences
• 1. Time shifting
• 2. Time reversal
• 3. Amplitude scaling
• 4. Time scaling
• 5. sequences addition
• 6. sequences multiplication
1. Time shifting
• The time shifting of a signal may result in time delay or time
advance. The time shifting operation of a discrete-time signal
x(n) can be represented by:
• Y(n) = x(n-k)
• If k is positive, it is delay and the shift is to the right, and if k is
negative, it is advance and the shift is to the left.
• Ex:
• For the following function x(n) find x(n-3), x(n+2)
2. Time reversal (time folding)

• The time reversed signal is the reflection of the original signal. It


is obtained by replacing the independent variable n by –n
• Ex: for the following function x(n) find x(-n), x(-n+3), x(-n-3)
Ex: Sketch the following signals?
• 1- x1(n) = u(n+2)U(-n+3)
3. Amplitude scaling

• The amplitude scaling of a discrete-time signal can be


represented by:
• Y(n) = a x(n), where a is constant
• The amplitude of y(n) at any instant is equal to a times the amplitude of x(n)
at that instant. If a > 1, it is amplification and if a < 1, it is attenuation. Hence
the amplitude is rescaled.
• Ex: for the following function x(n), find y(n) = 2 x(n)?
4. Time scaling
• Time scaling may be time expansion or time compression. The time
scaling of a discrete time signal x(n) can be accomplished by replacing
n by a n in it. Mathematically, it can be expressed as:
• Y(n) = x(a n)
• When a > 1, it is time compression and when a < 1, it is time
expansion.
• Ex: for the following function x(n) find y(n) = x(2n)?
• 1- y(n) = x(2n)

• So to plot x(2n) we have to skip odd numbered samples in x(n).


• signal is compressed by 2.
Ex: find y(n) = x(n/2)?
• For a = ½

• Here the signal is expanded by 2 All odd components in x(n/2) are zero
because x(n) does not have any value in between the sampling instants.
5. Signal addition
• In discrete-time domain, the sum of two signals x1(n) and x2(n) can be obtained by adding
the corresponding sample values and the subtraction of x2(n) from x1(n) can be obtained
by subtracting each sample of x2(n) from the corresponding sample of x1(n) as illustrated
below.
6. Signal multiplication

• The multiplication of two discrete-time sequences can be


performed by multiplying their values at the sampling instants as
shown below.
Ex: Express the following signals as the sum of singular
functions?
• Sketch
• X1(n) = [u(n+4) – u(n-4)]*r(n-3)

• X2(n) = {2,3,-1,0,2,-3} find x(n-3), x(n+1), x(-n), x(-n+1)

• X3(n) = (n-1)*u(-n+1)

• X4(n) = 2u(n+2) + 3u(n-3)


• X6(n) = u(-n+6).r(n-2).
Thank you

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