ATHLETICS

Introduction
Athletics is a sport in which athletes compete in
running, walking, jumping and throwing events. Track
events are consists of running and walking races of
various distances while Field on the other side
includes jumping and throwing events. Athletics is one
of the most popular sports in the world. About 200
nations belong to the International Amateur Athletic
Federation (IAAF), the governing body of athletics.
History

Athletics is considered to be mother of all

games and is in fact the way of living and not just
a sport. An Athlete is an all-round sportsperson with
skills for cricket, football, tennis and has immense
control of his body and senses. Athletics not only
builds you physically but it helps in body
coordination and gives you mental stiffness.
History
The word Athletics is derived from the Ancient Greek
ἀθλητής (athlētēs, "combatant in public games") from
ἆθλον (athlon, "prize") or ἆθλος (athlos,
"competition"). In order to find the origins of the
Athletics, we would have to go very far back in history
because Athletics is one of the world’s oldest
sporting events. Running, jumping and throwing have
been sporting activities since the beginning of history.
These skills were used both in hunting and war.
History
The ancient Greek, Persians, and Romans used running
as part of their military training. Historians estimate
that the origins of athletics can be traced back to the
9th and 10th centuries B.C. in Greece. By the year 776
B.C., athletics had become popular enough that it was
included in the first ever Ancient Olympic Games held
in Mt. Olympus, Olympia, Greece. The singular event
was the stadium footrace that was 600 feet long and it
was won by Koroibos who was a Greek cook.
History
Over the next few centuries, athletics continued developing
in Greece during the Olympics. The Ancient Greek Olympics
and athletics lasted until 394 A.D. when they were banned
by the Roman Emperor Theodosius, in an attempt to bring an
end to Pagan celebrations. During the 19th Century in
England, Track and Field as a modern sport came back to life
and started developing again. In 1896, the first Modern
Olympics was held and because of that, athletics finally
began to grow widespread popularity again. In 1913, the
International Amateur Athletic Federation (IAAF) was formed,
which is still the governing body for athletics today.
FACILITIES/
EQUIPMENT
 BATON
In track and field, a baton is used in relay races
to transfer between teammates. It is passed
from one runner to the next within a designated
exchange zone. The baton transfer is a critical
aspect of relay racing, as it requires precise
timing and coordination between teammates in
order to maintain speed and momentum
throughout the race. The baton itself is usually a
hollow tube, typically made of metal or
lightweight materials, designed for easy
gripping and passing between runners.
 HURDLES

Hurdles or hurdling is a track and

field sport that involves running
and jumping over obstacles at
speed. Hurdling is part of
athletics at the Olympic Games.
 Starting Blocks
Starting blocks provide support for
sprinters' feet at the start of the race so
they can push off for a better race start
and acceleration phase. They are used
by sprinters in track and field athletics
for the 60m (indoor), 100m, 110m
hurdles, 200m, 400m and the first leg of
the 4 x 100m and 4 x 400m relays.
 Starting gun/pistol
A starting pistol or starter pistol is a
blank handgun or, more recently, an
electronic toy gun or device with a
button connected to a sound system
that is fired to start track and field races
as well as some competitive swimming
races.
 SPIKE SHOES
Track spikes are specialized shoes
designed specifically for use in track
and field events. Unlike regular
running shoes, track spikes have
spikes or pins on the bottom to
provide better traction and stability
on the track. This allows athletes to
perform at their best, regardless of
the event they're competing in.
 Timer/Stopwatch
a watch that can be started and
stopped very quickly and that is
used for measuring the amount
of time that is taken to do
something (such as to run a
race).
 Track Oval
An all-weather running track is a
rubberized, artificial running surface
for track and field athletics. It
provides a consistent surface for
competitors to test their athletic
ability unencumbered by adverse
weather conditions. Historically,
various forms of dirt, rocks, sand,
and crushed cinders were used.
 FIXED BARRIERS
The fixed barriers are
different in length according
to the men's and women's
event. The barrier for the
men's event is 914
millimetres(mm) high while
for the women's category it
is 762 mm.
 Water Jumps
The water jump, including the
hurdle, is 3.66m in length.
The pits are designed in such
a way that they have an
upward slope and the water is
deeper near the barrier. The
slope begins around 30cm
forward of the barrier and the
water is 70cm deep.
 Types of
Running Events
 Short Distance
A sprint is a short running race. In a track and
field competition there are generally three
different sprint distances: 100m, 200m, and
400m. The original Olympic event, the stadion
race, was a sprint of around 180m. A sprint race
starts out with the runners in starting blocks in
their lane. The official will say "on your marks".
At this point the racer should be focused on the
track, have their feet placed in the blocks,
fingers on the ground behind the starting line,
hands slightly wider than shoulder width,
muscles relaxed. Next the official will say "Set".
 Short Distance
At this point the runner should get their hips slightly above
shoulder level, feet pushed hard into the blocks, holding their
breath and ready to race. Then there is the bang and the race has
started. The runner should exhale and run out of the blocks not
jumping. The initial part of the race the runner is accelerating to
top speed. Once top speed is achieved then endurance kicks in as
the runner tries to maintain that speed for the rest of the
sprint.Sprinters should remain relaxed while running and move
their arms in a straight back and forth motion. They should be
focused on their lane and the track at the start and the finish line
 MIDDLE DISTANCE
The middle distance races are the 800m,
the 1500m, and the 1 mile long runs. These
races require different skills and tactics to
win that the sprints. They rely more on
endurance and pacing than just pure speed.
Also, the runners don't stay in a single lane
for the entire race. They start out in
staggered lanes, to make the distance the
same for each runner, but the race soon
becomes open with no lanes and the
runners must to pass around each other to
 LONG DISTANCE

There are three main long distance

races: the 3000m, the 5000m, and
the 10,000m races. These races
are similar to the middle distance
races, but the emphasis is even
more on correct pacing and
endurance.
 HURDLES
A hurdles race is one in which obstacles
are placed at intervals along the track that
the runners must jump over on their way
the finish line. Typical hurdle races are the
100m and 400m for women and 110m and
400m for men. Timing, footwork, and
technique are key in wining hurdles
events. Of course you still need to be fast,
but jumping the hurdles in stride without
much slowing down is how to win in the
hurdles.
 RELAYS
Relay races are where teams of runners
compete against each other. There are
typically 4 runners and 4 legs to the race.
The first runner starts with the baton and
runs the first leg handing off to the second
runner. The hand off must typically take
place within a given area of the track. The
second then hands off to the third and the
third to the fourth. The fourth runner runs
the final, or anchor, leg to the finish line.
Common relay races are the 4x100m and
 STEEPLECHASE
Steeplechase is a very interesting
track event where participants
overcome various obstacles -- fixed
barriers and water jumps -- during
the course of a 3000m race to
make it to the finish line. The
3000m steeplechase event consists
of 28 fixed barriers and seven
water jumps.
 Walk-a-thon
is simply described as walking fast. Races
take place on a track or road. Judges
observe the walkers very closely, for a
competitor will be disqualified if he does not
step onto a straight leg or loses contact
with the ground more than twice. If a judge
sees an infraction, he issues a first warning.
If there is a second infraction, a
disqualification warning is posted on a
board visible to all competitors course. If
three judges charge an athlete with an
MEMBER
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Capalla, Jailah Thank
Marie D.
Amar, Ivelyn you
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for
listening.