Lecture-3
Lecture-3
• Process topology
• Stream information
• Equipment information
Nomenclature/types:
Process Flow Chart, Flowsheet, Block Flow Diagram, Schematic Flow Diagram,
Macro Flowchart, Top-down Flowchart, Piping and Instrument Diagram, System3 Flow
Diagram or System Diagram
Purpose and Benefits: Process
Flowsheet
To document a process for better
understanding, quality control and
training of employees.
Process flow diagram (PFD): A PFD indicates the important plant processes
and equipment. The PFD shows the connections between major equipment of a plant without
showing minor details such as piping details, control systems, bypass/emergency measures,
etc.
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Aspect of P&I Diagram
P&IDs play an essential role in the process engineering world to show interconnectivity,
but they don’t necessarily include specifications. Specifications are usually provided in
separate documents. But they are incredibly useful in many ways, including:
Form recommendations for cost estimates, equipment design, and pipe design
PFD and P&ID
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Supporting Document P&I Diagram
Process flow drawings (PFDs). P&IDs originate from PFDs. A PFD is a picture of the
separate steps of a process in sequential order. Elements that may be included are:
sequence of actions, materials or services entering or leaving the process (inputs and
outputs), decisions that must be made, people who become involved, time involved at
each step and/or process measurements.
Piping material specifications (PMS). Here’s where you find details about materials of
construction, gaskets, bolts, fittings.
Equipment and instrumentation specifications (EIS). Standards and details too
extensive to fit into the P&ID are included in the EIS including Scope, Standards, Codes
and Specifications, Definitions and Terminology, Materials of Construction, Design Basis,
Mechanical/Fabrication, Guarantees, Testing and Inspection, Documentation and Shipping.
Functional Requirement Specification (FRS). How the plant or system operates is
detailed in the FRS. It includes the Functional Description, Communication, and Scope
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Definition of the process.
PFD Symbols (Agencies)
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Vessel Symbols
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Equipment Symbol
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Piping Symbols
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Heat Exchanger and Pumps
Symbols
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Instrument Symbols
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Valve Symbols