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Autism Spectrum Disorders

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a brain development condition affecting social interaction and communication, characterized by a range of symptoms and severity. It typically manifests in early childhood, with signs including delayed milestones, reduced eye contact, and repetitive behaviors. While there is no cure, early diagnosis and intervention can significantly improve outcomes for affected children.

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Francis Chege
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20 views22 pages

Autism Spectrum Disorders

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a brain development condition affecting social interaction and communication, characterized by a range of symptoms and severity. It typically manifests in early childhood, with signs including delayed milestones, reduced eye contact, and repetitive behaviors. While there is no cure, early diagnosis and intervention can significantly improve outcomes for affected children.

Uploaded by

Francis Chege
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Autism spectrum

disorders
By Dorcas Mwangi
https://youtu.be/j3PrAqJ-H9k?
si=zIzJ51ufp9rUvFzP
• https://youtu.be/dUbsyd8Fnyw?si=pjfCfaCP1KevNeVA
Introduction
• Autism spectrum disorder is a condition related to brain
development that impacts how a person perceives and
socializes with others, causing problems in social
interaction and communication.
• The disorder also includes limited and repetitive patterns
of behavior.
• The term "spectrum" in autism spectrum disorder refers
to the wide range of symptoms and severity.
Onset
• The onset is during the early childhood
• The child may show delayed development milestones upto
the age of 2years
• Most specific signs of autism are during 2-3 years of age
• Some children with autism may develop normally until
toddlerhood or when they stop acquiring or lose
previously gained skills
Summary of definition
• Autism refers to a condition where the child lacks the
communication skills and social interactions resulting in
isolation
• Autism spectrum disorder begins in early childhood and
eventually causes problems functioning
• While there is no cure for autism spectrum disorder,
intensive, early treatment can make a big difference in the
lives of many children.
Signs and symptoms
Each child with autism spectrum disorder is likely to have a
unique pattern of behavior and level of severity — from low
functioning to high functioning.
• reduced eye contact,
• lack of response to their name
• withdrawn or aggressive
• lose language skills they've already acquired
• difficulty learning
Cont;
• signs of lower than normal intelligence.
• normal to high intelligence — they learn quickly, yet have
trouble communicating and applying what they know in
everyday life and adjusting to social situations.
problems with social interaction
and communication skills
• Fails to respond to his or her name or appears not to hear
you at times
• Resists cuddling and holding, and seems to prefer playing
alone, retreating into his or her own world
• Has poor eye contact and lacks facial expression
• Doesn't speak or has delayed speech, or loses previous
ability to say words or sentences
• Can't start a conversation or keep one going, or only
starts one to make requests or label items
• Speaks with an abnormal tone or rhythm and may use a
singsong voice or robot-like speech
• Repeats words or phrases verbatim, but doesn't
understand how to use them
• Doesn't appear to understand simple questions or
directions
• Doesn't express emotions or feelings and appears
unaware of others' feelings
Cont;
• Doesn't point at or bring objects to share interest
• Inappropriately approaches a social interaction by being
passive, aggressive or disruptive
• Has difficulty recognizing nonverbal cues, such as
interpreting other people's facial expressions, body
postures or tone of voice
Patterns of behavior
A child with autism spectrum disorder may have limited,
repetitive patterns of behavior, Interests or activities for
example
• Performs repetitive movements, such as rocking, spinning
or hand flapping
• Performs activities that could cause self-harm, such as
biting or head-banging
• Develops specific routines and becomes disturbed at the
slightest change
Cont;
• Has problems with coordination or has odd movement patterns,
such as clumsiness or walking on toes, and has odd, stiff or
exaggerated body language
• Is unusually sensitive to light, sound or touch, yet may be
indifferent to pain or temperature
• Fixates on an object or activity with abnormal intensity or focus
• Has specific food preferences, such as eating only a few foods, or
refusing foods with a certain texture
https://youtu.be/GmrqP8UItYo?
si=e8D7DgKDfJ9t86rJ
Complication of Autism
Problems with social interactions, communication and behavior can
lead to:
• Problems in school and with successful learning
• Employment problems
• Inability to live independently
• Social isolation
• Stress within the family
• Victimization and being bullied
Conclusion
• Early diagnosis and intervention is most helpful and can
improve behavior, skills and language development.
However, intervention is helpful at any age. Though
children usually don't outgrow autism spectrum disorder
symptoms, they may learn to function well.
Assignment
• Discuss the role of speech therapy in autistic children
• Find out the World autistic day
https://youtu.be/hBj_6KFcjqg?
si=f9d_18SdO8T5HlYT

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