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The Ruby Laser

An Assignment submission for
Subject: Engineering Physics

Subject Code: PHY201T

•Prepared by:
o 1. Mr. Yug Pandya__IAR /15864, 2. Ms. Vidhi Goswami__IAR /15866,
o 3. Mr. Shivang Panchal__IAR /15868, 4. Mr. Keyur Vadgama__IAR /15869,
o 5. Mr. Priyank Viradiya__IAR /15873, 6. Mr. Manthan Patel__IAR /15874,
o 7. Mr. Aghara Tejas__IAR /15876, 8. Mr. Oganja Dhruv __IAR /15877,
o 9. Mr. Padia Tejas__IAR /15880, 10. Ms. Tanisha Thakor__IAR /15881.
•B. Tech – II (Computer Engineering)
•Department of Computer Science & Engineering
•Institute of Advanced Research, Gandhinagar

•Submitted to:
o Mrs. Divya Dileep
o Lecturer
o School of Computing and Technology April, 2025
 Table of Content
o Introduction Of Ruby Laser
o Working Of Ruby Laser
o Key Features Of Ruby Laser
o Real Life Application Of Ruby Laser
o Uses In Medical Industry
o Development and Advancements Over Time
o Advantages of the Ruby Laser
o Limitations and Challenges
o Conclusion: Legacy and Modern Impact
The Ruby Laser: A
Revolutionary Invention
The ruby laser was invented in 1960 by Theodore Maiman. It was a major breakthrough in
science and technology. In this presentation, we’ll look at the history, how the ruby laser
works, and why it’s important. First, we’ll give a simple introduction to lasers, then we’ll
focus on the ruby laser itself.

We will look at how the ruby laser is made, where it is used, its good points, and its
drawbacks. In the end, we’ll see how it has helped modern science and how it could inspire
future research. Join us as we learn about the ruby laser and its important role in the history
of laser technology.
How Does the Ruby Laser Work?
The ruby laser works by making light stronger using a special process called stimulated emission. It uses a man-made ruby crystal to create the laser light. This
crystal gives off a bright red light with a wavelength of 694.3 nanometers. The process starts when a flash lamp shines light into the ruby crystal, giving it the
energy it needs to produce the laser beam.

Flashlamp Pumping Stimulated Emission

The flashlamp emits intense light, exciting the chromium atoms When a photon of the correct wavelength passes through the excited
within the ruby crystal to a higher energy state. crystal, it triggers the release of another photon, amplifying the light.
Key Features of the Ruby Laser

The ruby laser gives out powerful beams of light in short bursts, which is called pulsed
operation. Its design is quite simple when compared to newer types of lasers.

Pulsed Operation Simple Design

The ruby laser operates in pulses, Its straightforward construction
making it suitable for applications makes it durable and relatively
requiring high-intensity bursts of easy to maintain.
energy.

Unique Wavelength
The 694.3 nm wavelength produced is specific to the ruby material, making it
valuable in certain scientific contexts.
Applications of the Ruby Laser
in Industry
The ruby laser is used in many industries, especially for cutting and drilling with high
accuracy. It’s also used in making 3D images (holography) and in measuring tiny distances
(interferometry).

High-Precision Holography Alignment

Cutting
• Ruby lasers are used • Its precise beam is
• The laser's focused to create detailed ideal for alignment
beam allows for three-dimensional and surveying,
accurate cutting of images for scientific ensuring accuracy in
materials, essential in and industrial construction and
manufacturing. purposes. engineering.
Medical Applications of the Ruby Laser
The ruby laser has made a big difference in medicine, especially in skin and eye treatments. It changed how tattoos are removed and how skin color problems
are treated. Because it is very precise, it can be used for delicate tasks like fixing the retina in the eye.

Dermatology
1  Tattoo removal and pigmentation treatment

Eye Surgery
2  Retinal repair applications

Precision Targeting
3  Monochromatic light for accuracy
Development and Advancements
Over Time
In the beginning, ruby lasers were not very efficient and used a lot of power. But later, better
ways to cool them and improve their pulses made them work better. Still, newer types of
lasers, like Nd:YAG and diode lasers, became more popular and are now used more often than
ruby lasers.

1 Early Limitations
Low efficiency and high power consumption

2 Improvements
Enhanced pulse efficiency and cooling

3 Decline
Newer lasers became more favorable
Advantages of the Ruby
Laser
The ruby laser gives off a very narrow and focused beam, which makes it great for doing
accurate work. It is also strong and lasts a long time, so it’s easy to take care of. That’s why
it’s still useful in science experiments and in special types of work where other lasers might
not be the best fit.

Highly Focused Beam Durable Design

Provides precision for Easy to maintain and long-
specialized tasks. lasting.

Effective for Experimentation

Ideal for unique scientific applications.
Limitations and Challenges
One of the main drawbacks of the ruby laser is that it doesn't convert energy very
efficiently, which means it needs a lot of power to work. It's also not as versatile
as newer lasers and can only work in short pulses, which limits where it can be
used. With the development of other lasers that work better, the ruby laser is used
less today.

Inefficient Energy Conversion

• Requires high pumping power

Limited Versatility
• Not as adaptable as modern lasers

Pulsed Operation Only

• No continuous wave mode
Conclusion: Legacy and Modern Impact
The ruby laser played a crucial role in shaping laser technology. Its inspirational achievements laid the foundation for modern laser innovations and continue to
influence future research directions.

Inspirational Achievements
Its successes have inspired generations of scientists
and engineers.

Shaping Laser Technology Foundation for Innovations

The ruby laser set the stage for subsequent It paved the way for modern laser applications and
advancements in laser science. future research.
Thank you for your attention

Thank you for taking the time to learn about the ruby laser and how it has
influenced the world. We hope this presentation has given you useful information
about its history, how it works, and why it’s important.
The ruby laser is a great example of human creativity and scientific progress. It
reminds us to keep exploring the endless possibilities of light and technology.