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NANO WORLD
Presented by: Cabahug, Irene D.
Cahiyang, Risa Mae G. NEXT >
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Learning Objectives:
By the end of the lesson, students will be able to:
•Define nanotechnology and nanoscience and understand their role in science
and technoloy.
•Identify important tools used in nanoscience, such as the electron microscope
and atomic force microscope.
•Discuss real-life applications of nanotechnology in the Philippines, including ICT,
health, energy, food, and environment.
•Evaluate both the benefits (e.g., better products, improved medicine) and
concerns (e.g., toxicity, regulation issues) of using nanotechnology.
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Introduction
Scientific researchers have developed new technological
tools that greatly improve different aspects of our lives. The
use of nanoscale is one important interdisciplinary area
generated by advancement in science and technology.
Scientists and engineers were able to build materials with
innovative properties as they manipulate nanomaterials.
Indeed, research and application of knowledge on
nanomaterials will continue to bring widespread
implications in various areas of the society, especially
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agriculture.
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Nano World
• the global market leader for tips
for Scanning Probe Microscopy
and Atomic Force Microscope
• sphere of influence of
nanotechnology
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Origin of Nanoscience
• in 1959 it was discussed by the renowned physicist Richard
Feynman in his talk There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom, in which
he described the possibility of synthesis via direct manipulation of
atoms.
• in 1960, Egyptian engineer Mohamed Atalla and Korean
engineer Dawon Kahng at Bell Labs fabricated the first MOSFET
(metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor) with a gate
oxide thickness of 100 nm, along with a gate length of 20 µm.
• in 1962, Atalla and Kahng fabricated a nanolayer-base metal-
semiconductor junction (M-S junction) transistor that used gold
(Au) thin films with a thickness of 10 nm.
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Origin of Nanotechnology
• the term "nano-technology" was first used by Norio Taniguchi in
1974.
• In 1986, K. Eric Drexler used the term "nanotechnology" in his
book Engines of Creation: The Coming Era of Nanotechnology,
which proposed the idea of a nanoscale "assembler" which
would be able to build a copy of itself and of other items of
arbitrary complexity with atomic control.
• In 1980, the emergence of nanotechnology as a field in occurred
through convergence of Drexler's theoretical and public work
• in 1986, Drexler co-founded The Foresight Institute to help increase
public awareness and understanding of nanotechnology concepts
and implications
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Nanotechnology
refers to the science,
engineering, and
technology conducted at
the nanoscale, which is
about 1 to 100
nanometers (NNI, 2017).
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Nano science and
technology
Nanoscience and nanotechnology employs the study and
application of exceptionally small things in other areas of
science including materials science, engineering, physics,
biology, and chemistry (NNI, 2017).
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MICROSCOPE USED IN
NANOSCIENCE AND
NANOTECHNOLOGY
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ELECTRON MICROSCOPE
German engineers Ernst Ruska and
Max Knoll built the first electron
microscope during the 1930s.
This type of microscope utilizes a
particle beam of electrons to light up
a specimen and develop a well-
magnified image.
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Atomic force
microscope
(AFM)
It was first developed by Gerd
Binig, Calvin Quate, and Christoph
Gerber in 1986. It makes use of a
mechanical probe that gathers
information from the surface of a
material.
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Nanomanufacturing
It refers to scaled-up, reliable, and cost-effective
manufacturing of nanoscale materials, structures,
devices, and systems. It also involves research,
improvement, and incorporation of processes for the
construction of materials.
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Two fundamental approaches to
nanomanufacturing:
1. Bottom-up fabrication
It manufactures products by building them up from
atomic and molecular-scale components.
2. Top-down fabrication
It trims down large pieces of materials into
nanoscale. This process needs larger amounts of
materials and discards excess raw materials.
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There are new approaches to the assembly of
nanomaterials based from the application of principles in
top-down and bottom-up fabrication.
• Dip pen lithography
It is a method in which the tip of an atomic force microscope
is "dipped" into a chemical fluid and then utilized to "write" on
a surface, like an old-fashioned ink pen onto paper.
• Self-assembly
It depicts an approach wherein a set of components join
together to mold an organized structure in the absence of an
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outside direction.
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• Chemical vapor deposition
It is a procedure wherein chemicals act in response to form
very pure, high-performance films.
• Nanoimprint lithography
It is a method of generating nanoscale attributes by
"stamping" or "printing" them onto a surface.
• Molecular beam epitaxy
It is one manner for depositing extremely controlled thin films.
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• Roll-to-roll processing
It is a high-volume practice for constructing nanoscale devices
on a roll of ultrathin plastic or metal.
• Atomic layer epitaxy
It is a means for laying down one-atom-thick layers on a
surface.
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Features of
Nanoscale
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1. Scale at which much biology occurs.
Various activities of the cells take place at the nanoscale. The
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) serves as the genetic material of
the cell and is only about 2 nanometers in diameter.
Furthermore, the hemoglobin that transports oxygen to the
tissues throughout the body is 5.5 nanometers in diameter.
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2. Scale at which quantum effects dominate
properties of materials.
Particles with dimensions of 1-100 nanometers have
properties that are significantly discrete from particles of
bigger dimensions. Quantum effects direct the behavior and
properties of particles in this size scale. The properties of
materials are highly dependent on their size. Among the
essential properties of nanoscale that change as a function of
size include chemical reactivity, fluorescence, magnetic
permeability, melting point, and electrical conductivity.
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3. Nanoscale materials have far larger surface
areas than similar masses of larger-scale
materials.
As we increase the surface area per mass of a
particular material, a greater amount of the material
comes in contact with another material and can affect
its reactivity.
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POSSIBLE APPLICATION OF NANOTECHNOLOGY
IN THE PHILIPPINES ( DAYRIT, 2005 )
1. ICT and semiconductors
2. Health and medicine
3. Energy
4. Food and agriculture
5. Environment
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Benefits and Concerns
of Using Nano
technology
Nanotechnology has various applications in different sectors of
the society and environment. Salamanca-Buentello et al. (2005)
proposed an initiative called "Addressing Global Challenges Using
Nanotechnology" to accelerate the use of nanotechnology to
address critical sustainable development challenges.
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there are concerns that need to be addressed before using and promoting
materials derived from nanotechnology (Dayrit, 2005).
1. Nanotechnology is not a single technology; it may become pervasive.
2. Nanotechnology seeks to develop new materials with specific
properties.
3. Nanotechnology may introduce new efficiencies and paradigms which
may make some natural resources and current practices uncompetitive or
obsolete.
4. It may be complicated to detect its presence unless one has the
specialist tools of nanotechnology.
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Benefits and Concerns of the
Application of Nanotechnology in
Different Areas
Example of Areas Concerns
Possible Benefits
Affected by
Nanotechnology
• Improved detection • High reactivity
and removal of and toxicity
Environment contaminants • Pervasive
• Development of distribution in the
benign industrial environment
• No nano-specific
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EPA regulation
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Benefits and Concerns of the
Application of Nanotechnology in
Different Areas
Example of Areas Concerns
Possible Benefits
Affected by
Nanotechnology
• Ability to cross cell
• Improved medicine membranes and
Health translocate in the body
• No FDA approval
needed for cosmetics or
supplements
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Benefits and Concerns of the
Application of Nanotechnology in
Different Areas
Example of Areas Concerns
Possible Benefits
Affected by
Nanotechnology
• Redistribution of
• Better products wealth
• Potential cost of
• New jobs
Economy cleanups and
healthcare
• Accessibility to all
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-REFERENCES
Dayrit, F.M. (2005). "Nanotechnology: Business and Practical Applications: Where the
Philippines Is and Where It Should Be." Ateneo de Manila University.
National Nanotechnology Initiative. (2017). "Manufacturing at the Nanoscale." Accessed
February 25, 2017. https://www.nano. gov/nanotech-101/what/manufacturing.
National NanotechNology Initiative. (2017). "Nanotechnology 101." Accessed February 25,
2017. https://www.nano.gov/nanotech-101/.
National Nanotechnology Initiative. (2017). "What is Nanotechnology?" Accessed February 25,
2017. https://www. nano.gov/nanotech-101/what/definition.
National Nanotechnology Initiative. (2017). "What's so special about the Nanoscale?" Accessed
February 25, 2017. https://www. nano.gov/nanotech-101/special.
Roco, M. "National Nanotechnology Initiative: The Long-Term View." In Proceedings
Nanotechnology and the Environment: Applications and Implications. Progress Review
Workshop III, EPA, Oct 26-28, 2005, Arlington, VA.
Salamanca-Buentello et al. (2005). "Nanotechnology and the Developing World," PLoS
Medicine. Accessed February 25, 2017. http://www.plosmedicine.org.
University of Washington. "Societal and Ethical Implications of Nanotechnology." Accessed
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February 25, 2017. http://depts. washington.edu/ntethics/.
https://www.slideshare.net/liwaycruz/the-nano-world-177413019
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Thank You!
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